加州遗产调查III。在（一些）巨人的肩膀上：内部小行星和外部大质量行星之间的关系
The California Legacy Survey III. On The Shoulders of (Some) Giants: The Relationship between Inner Small Planets and Outer Massive Planets
摘要：
我们利用FGKM星的高精度径向速度测量研究了两类行星的条件出现：近距离小行星（0.023 - 1 au，2 - 30地球质量）和远距离巨行星（0.23 - 10 au，30 - 6000地球质量）。我们发现，$41^{+15}_{-13}\%$的系统与一个接近，小行星也主机外部的巨人，相比之下，$17.6^{+2.4}_{-1.9}\%$的恒星，无论小行星的存在。这意味着，与所有具有$1.7σ$意义的恒星相比，小行星宿主可能在外部巨行星的出现中得到增强。相反，我们估计，$42^{+17}_{-13}\%$的冷巨星主机也主机内部的小行星，相比之下，$27.6^{+5.8}_{-4.8}\%$的恒星，无论冷巨星的存在。我们还发现，更大质量和更近距离的巨行星与小的内行星无关。具体地说，我们的样本表明，小行星不太可能拥有质量超过大约120个地球质量，在0.3 - 3天文单位范围内的外巨行星，而不是拥有质量较小或更遥远的巨行星，$\sim$ 2.2 $σ$置信度。这意味着0.3 - 3au的大质量气体巨星可能抑制内部小行星形成。此外，我们比较了只有小行星的系统和既有小行星又有冷巨星的系统的主恒星金属丰度分布。与以前的研究一致，我们发现在我们的调查中，只有小行星的恒星具有与更广泛的太阳金属丰度中值样本一致的金属丰度分布，而同时拥有小行星和气体巨星的恒星明显富含金属，$\sim$ 2.3 $σ$置信度。
英文摘要：
We use a high-precision radial velocity survey of FGKM stars to study the conditional occurrence of two classes of planets: close-in small planets (0.023--1 au, 2--30 Earth masses) and distant giant planets (0.23--10 au, 30--6000 Earth masses). We find that $41^{+15}_{-13}\%$ of systems with a close-in, small planet also host an outer giant, compared to $17.6^{+2.4}_{-1.9}\%$ for stars irrespective of small planet presence. This implies that small planet hosts may be enhanced in outer giant occurrence compared to all stars with $1.7σ$ significance. Conversely, we estimate that $42^{+17}_{-13}\%$ of cold giant hosts also host an inner small planet, compared to $27.6^{+5.8}_{-4.8}\%$ of stars irrespective of cold giant presence. We also find that more massive and close-in giant planets are not associated with small inner planets. Specifically, our sample indicates that small planets are less likely to host outer giant companions more massive than approximately 120 Earth masses and within 0.3--3 au than to host less massive or more distant giant companions, with $\sim$2.2$σ$ confidence. This implies that massive gas giants within 0.3--3 au may suppress inner small planet formation. Additionally, we compare the host-star metallicity distributions for systems with only small planets and those with both small planets and cold giants. In agreement with previous studies, we find that stars in our survey that only host small planets have a metallicity distribution that is consistent with the broader solar-metallicity-median sample, while stars that host both small planets and gas giants are distinctly metal-rich with $\sim$2.3$σ$ confidence.
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