可微广义预测编码
Differentiable Generalised Predictive Coding
摘要：
本文论述了与神经过程理论相一致的可微动力学模型，该模型将大脑功能视为解释观察结果的内部生成模型的分层细化。我们的工作扩展了现有的基于梯度的预测编码与自动微分的实现，并允许集成深度神经网络的非线性状态参数化。基于梯度的预测编码通过优化从刺激向潜在状态传播的精确加权预测误差来局部优化每层的推断状态和权重。预测向后流动，从潜在状态向较低层流动。这里建议的模型优化潜在状态的层次和动态预测。分层预测对预期内容和分层结构进行编码。动态预测捕获编码内容中的变化以及高阶导数。分层和动态预测相互作用，并解决相同的潜在状态的不同方面。我们将该模型应用于各种感知和规划任务的序列数据，并显示它们之间的相互依赖性。特别是，我们演示了如何学习采样距离并行地址有意义的位置数据采样在离散的时间步长。我们讨论的可能性，放松假设的线性层次结构有利于更灵活的图形结构与紧急性质。我们比较了模型的颗粒结构与描述生物网络中预测编码的典型微电路，并回顾了马尔可夫毯作为表征模块性的工具的连接。最后一节概述了在嵌套的时空层次结构中有效感知和规划的想法。
英文摘要：
This paper deals with differentiable dynamical models congruent with neural process theories that cast brain function as the hierarchical refinement of an internal generative model explaining observations. Our work extends existing implementations of gradient-based predictive coding with automatic differentiation and allows to integrate deep neural networks for non-linear state parameterization. Gradient-based predictive coding optimises inferred states and weights locally in for each layer by optimising precision-weighted prediction errors that propagate from stimuli towards latent states. Predictions flow backwards, from latent states towards lower layers. The model suggested here optimises hierarchical and dynamical predictions of latent states. Hierarchical predictions encode expected content and hierarchical structure. Dynamical predictions capture changes in the encoded content along with higher order derivatives. Hierarchical and dynamical predictions interact and address different aspects of the same latent states. We apply the model to various perception and planning tasks on sequential data and show their mutual dependence. In particular, we demonstrate how learning sampling distances in parallel address meaningful locations data sampled at discrete time steps. We discuss possibilities to relax the assumption of linear hierarchies in favor of more flexible graph structure with emergent properties. We compare the granular structure of the model with canonical microcircuits describing predictive coding in biological networks and review the connection to Markov Blankets as a tool to characterize modularity. A final section sketches out ideas for efficient perception and planning in nested spatio-temporal hierarchies.
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