Lunar-like silicate material forms the Earth quasisatellite (469219) 2016 HO3 Kamo`oalewa
Benjamin N. L. Sharkey, Vishnu Reddy, Renu Malhotra, Audrey Thirouin, Olga Kuhn, Albert Conrad, Barry Rothberg, Juan A. Sanchez, David Thompson, Christian Veillet
Little is known about Earth quasi-satellites, a class of near-Earth small solar system bodies that orbit the sun but remain close to the Earth, because they are faint and difficult to observe. Here we use the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) and the Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) to conduct a comprehensive physical characterization of quasi-satellite (469219) Kamo`oalewa and assess its affinity with other groups of near-Earth objects. We find that (469219) Kamo`oalewa rotates with a period of 28.3 (+1.8/-1.3) minutes and displays a reddened reflectance spectrum from 0.4-2.2 microns. This spectrum is indicative of a silicate-based composition, but with reddening beyond what is typically seen amongst asteroids in the inner solar system. We compare the spectrum to those of several material analogs and conclude that the best match is with lunar-like silicates. This interpretation implies extensive space weathering and raises the prospect that Kamo`oalewa could comprise lunar material.
Shape, regolith size and thickness, SMFe^0 content, and spectral type of Tianwen-2 target asteroid (469219) Kamo'oalewa
Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院地球化学研究所）；State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology（澳门科技大学）；School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business（广州工商学院）；ESA ESRIN/PDO/NEO Coordination Centre（欧洲航天局地球系统数据中心）；Deimos Italia；Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille（马赛大学）；Institute of Analysis and testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis（北京科学院测试技术研究所）；Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Institute of Systems Engineering, Chongqing（重庆大学）；Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University（山东大学）；State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家空间科学中心）
Origin of asteroid (469219) Kamo`oalewa: the main asteroid belt or the Giordano Bruno crater on the Moon?
ESA ESRIN / PDO / NEO Coordination Centre（欧洲空间局地球观测站近地天体协调中心）；Deimos Italia s.r.l.（德伊莫斯意大利有限公司）；Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Belgrade（贝尔格莱德大学数学学院天文学系）；Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA)（阿拉贡宇宙物理研究中心）；Department of Physics, University of Helsinki（赫尔辛基大学物理系）；Asteroid Engineering Laboratory, Luleå University of Technology（鲁勒理工大学小行星工程实验室）；Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院地球化学研究所地外行星科学中心）
Tianwen-2 target asteroid (469219) Kamo'oalewa probably develops an Itokawa-compositional but ultra-highly space-weathered surface
Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院地球化学研究所）；State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology（澳门科技大学）；School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences（中国地质大学）；Department of Physics, University of Helsinki（赫尔辛基大学）；Asteroid Engineering Laboratory, LuleåUniversity of Technology（鲁勒技术大学）；Institute of applied physics "Nello Carrara", Sesto Fiorentino（内洛·卡拉拉应用物理研究所）；Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台）；Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille（马赛大学）；Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University（布朗大学）；Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg（温尼伯大学）；Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble（格勒诺布尔行星与天体物理研究所）；Institute of Astronomy, National Central University（中央大学）；ESA ESRIN/PDO/NEO Coordination Centre（欧洲航天局地球观测中心近地天体协调中心）；Elecnor Deimos（埃莱科诺尔戴莫斯）；School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business（广州工商学院）；European Southern Observatory (ESO)（欧洲南方天文台）；Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Institute of Systems Engineering（重庆大学）；Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University（山东大学）
The role of the Yarkovsky effect in the long-term dynamics of asteroid (469219) Kamo'oalewa
近地小行星（469219）Kamo'oalewa（又名2016 HO 3）是一颗与地球共轨的小行星，也是一个潜在的太空任务目标。其短期动态的特点是准卫星和马蹄形配置之间的周期性切换。由于它的直径只有36米，雅科夫斯基效应可能在长期动力学中发挥重要作用。在这项工作中，我们解决了这个问题，通过研究在长期运动的Kamo'oalewa的Yarkovsky效应所造成的变化。我们使用的估计的大小的Yarkovsky效应假设不同的表面成分，并介绍了半长轴漂移的传播轨道的测试粒子代表克隆的标称轨道。我们的模拟表明，与纯粹的引力模型相比，雅科夫斯基效应可能会导致Kamo'oalewa更快地离开地球共轨区域。尽管如此，它仍然可以在未来至少0.5 My内保持地球伴侣。我们的研究结果意味着Kamo'oalewa是迄今为止已知的最稳定的地球共轨物体，不仅从短期角度来看，而且从长期尺度来看。
Composition and Space Weathering Characteristics of Tianwen-2 Mission's First Target Near-Earth Asteroid (469219) Kamo`oalewa
National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家空间科学中心）；University of Chinese Academy of Science（中国科学院大学）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院新疆天文台）；Shandong University（山东大学）
Shape and spin axis determination of the Tianwen-2 target asteroid (469219) Kamo'oalewa from lightcurve inversion
BSA Osservatorio（BSA天文台）；Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Astronomy（查理大学数学物理学院天文学研究所）；Laboratoire Lagrange, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Université Côte d’Azur（拉格朗日实验室，法国国家科学研究中心，蔚蓝海岸天文台，蔚蓝海岸大学）；University of Leicester, School of Physics and Astronomy（莱斯特大学物理与天文学院）
Physical Characteristics of the Asteroid (469219) Kamo'oalewa as a target of the Chinese Tianwen-2 mission
Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院云南天文台）；Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院天体结构与演化重点实验室）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Department of Physics, University of Helsinki（赫尔辛基大学物理系）；School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University（南京大学天文与空间科学学院）
JWST Characterization of Earth Quasi-Satellite (469219) Kamo`oalewa
University of Maryland（马里兰大学）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；Auburn University（奥本大学）；Villanova University（维拉诺瓦大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Large Binocular Telescope Observatory（大型双筒望远镜天文台）
Developing and characterizing a new-generation regolith simulant "IGCAS-AST01" for the Tianwen-2 target asteroid (469219) Kamo'oalewa
Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院地球化学研究所月球与行星科学中心）；School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences（中国地质大学地球科学学院）；Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University（布朗大学地球、环境与行星科学系）；Institute of Analysis and testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis（北京科学院测试技术研究所，北京物理化学分析中心）；Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg（温尼伯大学地理系）；State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology（澳门科技大学月球与行星科学国家重点实验室）；ESA ESRIN/PDO/NEO Coordination Centre（欧洲空间局ESRIN/PDO近地天体协调中心）；Deimos Italia；China Academy of Aerospace Science and Innovation（中国航天科技创新研究院）；Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海技术物理研究所空间主动光电技术重点实验室）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所）；China Academy of Space Technology（中国空间技术研究院）
Peculiar orbital characteristics of Earth quasi-satellite 469219 Kamo`oalewa: implications for the Yarkovsky detection and orbital uncertainty propagation
Dynamical Origin of (469219) Kamo`oalewa of Tianwen-2 Mission from the Main-Belt: $ν_6$ Secular Resonance, Flora Family or 3:1 Resonance with Jupiter
Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台）；School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院）
Physical characterization of Earth's quasi-satellite 2025 PN7
Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, University of Turku（芬兰天文台（ESO合作中心））；University of Helsinki（赫尔辛基大学）；Asteroid Engineering Laboratory, Luleå University of Technology（鲁勒厄理工大学小行星工程实验室）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利群岛天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna（拉古纳大学）
