arXiv 2111.030992021-11quant-ph

非线性耗散系统中光子噪声的完全凝聚

Complete condensation of photon noise in nonlinear dissipative systems

Nicholas Rivera, Jamison Sloan, Yannick Salamin, Marin Soljacic

摘要：

Fock态是玻色子场最基本的量子态，是理解其量子动力学的重要基础。作为能量和数量本征态，它们具有精确定义的量子数量，并且最忠实地表达了场的粒子性质。这些性质使它们在计量学、量子模拟和信息处理中有着广泛的应用。然而，福克态是出了名的难以产生。这个问题在光学中尤其严重，因为很难用一个以上的光子确定性地产生福克态，更不用说在宏观尺度上了。这部分是由于缺乏产生大Fock态的机制，以及线性耗散的有害影响。在这里，我们介绍了一个新的影响，在物理学中的非线性玻色子，所产生的耗散和克尔非线性的相互作用。在这种效应中，当非线性共振具有特定数量的量子（例如，光子），否则会有损耗。这种由非线性干涉引起的损耗导致了几种新的量子统计效应。例如，它导致强度噪声的自发凝聚，这可能使光的大Fock和极端光子数压缩态的产生成为可能。我们还展示了这种效应如何影响新的光电子器件，如激光器，它可以稳定极低的噪声状态之间的平衡增益和非线性损耗，我们介绍。在整个文本中，我们提出了可以实现这些效果的系统的例子。在一个，我们展示了如何非线性耗散可能导致光学Fock态的$n=1000$，而在另一个，我们展示了如何传统的激光架构可以用来产生宏观光（$>10^{12}$光子）与近95%的噪声比标准的量子极限。

英文摘要：

Fock states are the most fundamental quantum states of bosonic fields, forming an important basis for understanding their quantum dynamics. As energy and number eigenstates, they have an exactly defined number of quanta, and most faithfully express the particle nature of fields. These properties make them attractive for many applications in metrology, and quantum simulation and information processing. Yet, Fock states are notoriously difficult to generate. The problem is especially acute in optics, where it is difficult to deterministically produce Fock states with more than a single photon, let alone at macroscopic scales. This is in part due to a dearth of mechanisms to produce large Fock states, as well as the deleterious effects of linear dissipation. Here, we introduce a new effect in the physics of nonlinear bosons, arising from the interplay of dissipation and Kerr nonlinearity. In this effect, a nonlinear resonance is dissipationless when it has a particular number of quanta (e.g., photons) inside it, and lossy otherwise. This loss, which results from nonlinear interference, leads to several new quantum statistical effects. For example, it leads to spontaneous condensation of intensity noise, which may enable generation of large Fock and extremely photon-number-squeezed states of light. We also show how this effect has implications for new classes of optoelectronic devices such as lasers, which can stabilize extremely low-noise states in an equilibrium between gain and the nonlinear loss that we introduce. Throughout the text, we present examples of systems that may realize these effects. In one, we show how the nonlinear dissipation could lead to optical Fock states of $n=1000$, while in another, we show how conventional laser architectures could be used to generate macroscopic light ($>10^{12}$ photons) with nearly 95% less noise than the standard quantum limit.

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摘要：

英文摘要：

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