全球价值链在碳强度趋同中的作用：空间计量经济学方法
The Role of Global Value Chains in Carbon Intensity Convergence: A Spatial Econometrics Approach
摘要：
贸易协定的扩大为不同国家的贸易一体化和经济趋同提供了潜在的基础。此外，发展和扩大全球价值链为知识和技术外溢以及生产技术的潜在融合提供了更多机会。这可能在发达国家和发展中国家产生可以想象的环境后果。本研究探讨全球价值链是否可以成为不同国家碳强度趋同的基础。为了回答这个问题，我们使用空间面板数据计量经济学分析了101个国家1997 - 2014年的数据。结果表明，在CI增长方面，全球价值链贸易伙伴之间存在空间相关性，并证实了各国基于全球价值链的有条件CI趋同。此外，估计数表明，全球价值链的扩大甚至会促进缩小国家之间的竞争与信息差距，即，直接和间接地通过溢出效应。研究结果表明，全球价值链具有提高碳效率政策有效性的潜力。因此，在制定环境政策时，应考虑到全球价值链的不同层面及其惠益。
英文摘要：
The expansion of trade agreements has provided a potential basis for trade integration and economic convergence of different countries. Moreover, developing and expanding global value chains (GVCs) have provided more opportunities for knowledge and technology spillovers and the potential convergence of production techniques. This can result in conceivable environmental outcomes in developed and developing countries. This study investigates whether GVCs can become a basis for the carbon intensity (CI) convergence of different countries. To answer this question, data from 101 countries from 1997 to 2014 are analyzed using spatial panel data econometrics. The results indicate a spatial correlation between GVCs trade partners in terms of CI growth, and they confirm the GVCs-based conditional CI convergence of the countries. Moreover, estimates indicate that expanding GVCs even stimulates bridging the CI gap between countries, i.e., directly and indirectly through spillover effects. According to the results, GVCs have the potential capacity to improve the effectiveness of carbon efficiency policies. Therefore, different dimensions of GVCs and their benefits should be taken into account when devising environmental policies.
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