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arXiv 2110.04099cs.LG
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基于拓扑不平衡学习的半监督节点分类算法

Topology-Imbalance Learning for Semi-Supervised Node Classification

Tencent Inc.(腾讯公司);Peking University(北京大学)

Deli Chen, Yankai Lin, Guangxiang Zhao, Xuancheng Ren, Peng Li, Jie Zhou, Xu Sun

摘要:

类不平衡问题作为学习节点表示中的一个重要问题,越来越受到社会各界的关注。虽然现有研究所考虑的不平衡根源于不同类别中标记示例的不相等数量(数量不平衡),但我们认为,图数据暴露了标记节点的不对称拓扑特性的唯一不平衡来源,即,标记的节点就其在图中的结构角色而言是不相等的(拓扑不平衡)。在这项工作中,我们首先探讨了以前未知的拓扑不平衡问题,包括其特征,原因和威胁半监督节点分类学习。然后,我们提供了一个统一的观点,联合分析数量和拓扑不平衡的问题,考虑节点的影响力转移现象与标签传播算法。根据我们的分析,我们设计了一个基于影响冲突检测的度量龙猫来衡量图的拓扑不平衡的程度,并提出了一个模型无关的方法ReNode来解决拓扑不平衡的问题,通过重新加权标记节点的影响自适应基于它们的相对位置类边界。系统实验表明,该方法在缓解拓扑不平衡问题和促进半监督节点分类方面的有效性和通用性。进一步的分析揭示了不同的图神经网络对拓扑不平衡的不同敏感性,这可能成为评估GNN结构的一个新视角。

英文摘要:

The class imbalance problem, as an important issue in learning node representations, has drawn increasing attention from the community. Although the imbalance considered by existing studies roots from the unequal quantity of labeled examples in different classes (quantity imbalance), we argue that graph data expose a unique source of imbalance from the asymmetric topological properties of the labeled nodes, i.e., labeled nodes are not equal in terms of their structural role in the graph (topology imbalance). In this work, we first probe the previously unknown topology-imbalance issue, including its characteristics, causes, and threats to semi-supervised node classification learning. We then provide a unified view to jointly analyzing the quantity- and topology- imbalance issues by considering the node influence shift phenomenon with the Label Propagation algorithm. In light of our analysis, we devise an influence conflict detection -- based metric Totoro to measure the degree of graph topology imbalance and propose a model-agnostic method ReNode to address the topology-imbalance issue by re-weighting the influence of labeled nodes adaptively based on their relative positions to class boundaries. Systematic experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of our method in relieving topology-imbalance issue and promoting semi-supervised node classification. The further analysis unveils varied sensitivity of different graph neural networks (GNNs) to topology imbalance, which may serve as a new perspective in evaluating GNN architectures.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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