分形和无结染色体促进核质运输
Fractal and knot-free chromosomes facilitate nucleoplasmic transport
摘要：
细胞核中的染色体组装成3D结构域的层次结构，在间期期间，与称为分形球（FG）的无结凝聚聚合物共享基本特征。FG样染色体可能影响大分子转运，但其特征仍然知之甚少。使用计算机模拟和缩放分析，我们表明，染色体的三维折叠和大分子大小决定其运输特性。大规模的亚扩散发生在一个临界颗粒大小的网络的可访问的体积是关键连接。无论聚合物模型如何，凝聚染色体都具有类似于简单伯努利键渗透簇的连接网络。然而，即使网络结构相似，跟踪程序的行走维度也会有所不同。事实证明，步行维度取决于网络拓扑结构的可访问的体积和动态异构性的示踪剂的跳跃率。我们发现FG结构具有比其他随机几何形状更小的行走维数，这表明FG样染色体结构加速了大分子扩散和目标搜索。
英文摘要：
Chromosomes in the nucleus assemble into hierarchies of 3D domains that, during interphase, share essential features with a knot-free condensed polymer known as the fractal globule (FG). The FG-like chromosome likely affects macromolecular transport, yet its characteristics remain poorly understood. Using computer simulations and scaling analysis, we show that the 3D folding and macromolecular size of the chromosomes determine their transport characteristics. Large-scale subdiffusion occurs at a critical particle size where the network of accessible volumes is critically connected. Condensed chromosomes have connectivity networks akin to simple Bernoulli bond percolation clusters, regardless of the polymer models. However, even if the network structures are similar, the tracer's walk dimension varies. It turns out that the walk dimension depends on the network topology of the accessible volume and dynamic heterogeneity of the tracer's hopping rate. We find that the FG structure has a smaller walk dimension than other random geometries, suggesting that the FG-like chromosome structure accelerates macromolecular diffusion and target-search.
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