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arXiv 2109.09765astro-ph.GA
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局域分子云的三维结构

On the Three-Dimensional Structure of Local Molecular Clouds

Catherine Zucker, Alyssa Goodman, João Alves, Shmuel Bialy, Eric W. Koch, Joshua S. Speagle, Michael M. Foley, Douglas Finkbeiner, Reimar Leike, Torsten Enßlin,… 展开作者

Catherine Zucker, Alyssa Goodman, João Alves, Shmuel Bialy, Eric W. Koch, Joshua S. Speagle, Michael M. Foley, Douglas Finkbeiner, Reimar Leike, Torsten Enßlin, Joshua E. G. Peek, Gordian Edenhofer

摘要:

我们利用Leike等人2020年3D尘埃图的1 pc空间分辨率来表征附近分子云($d \lesssim 400$ pc)的三维结构。我们首先在3D体积密度空间中对云进行“归一化”,以确定它们的“脊”,我们将其投影到天空中,以$\approx 1\%$的不确定性来约束云的距离。对于每个云,我们确定其3D脊柱周围的平均径向体积密度分布,并使用高斯和普卢默函数拟合该分布。径向体积密度分布是很好的描述由一个两个组成部分的高斯函数,与云具有广泛的,低密度的外层和狭窄的,高密度的内层。外包络宽度与内包络宽度的比率为$\approx 3:1$。我们推测,这两个组件可能是跟踪原子和扩散分子气体或不稳定和冷中性介质之间的过渡。类似普卢默的模型也可以提供一个很好的拟合,分子云呈现出浅的幂律机翼,密度$n$在大半径处像$n^{-2}$一样下降。使用贝叶斯模型选择,我们发现,参数化云的配置文件使用单一的高斯是不利的。我们比较我们的结果与2D尘埃消光图,发现3D尘埃恢复总的云质量从集成的方法与保真度,偏离仅在较高水平的灭绝($A_V \gtrsim 2 - 3$马格)。这里描述的3D云结构将能够与模拟中生成的合成云进行比较,为星际介质中分子云的起源和命运提供前所未有的洞察力。

英文摘要:

We leverage the 1 pc spatial resolution of the Leike et al. 2020 3D dust map to characterize the three-dimensional structure of nearby molecular clouds ($d \lesssim 400$ pc). We start by "skeletonizing" the clouds in 3D volume density space to determine their "spines," which we project on the sky to constrain cloud distances with $\approx 1\%$ uncertainty. For each cloud, we determine an average radial volume density profile around its 3D spine and fit the profiles using Gaussian and Plummer functions. The radial volume density profiles are well-described by a two-component Gaussian function, consistent with clouds having broad, lower-density outer envelopes and narrow, higher-density inner layers. The ratio of the outer to inner envelope widths is $\approx 3:1$. We hypothesize that these two components may be tracing a transition between atomic and diffuse molecular gas or between the unstable and cold neutral medium. Plummer-like models can also provide a good fit, with molecular clouds exhibiting shallow power-law wings with density, $n$, falling off like $n^{-2}$ at large radii. Using Bayesian model selection, we find that parameterizing the clouds' profiles using a single Gaussian is disfavored. We compare our results with 2D dust extinction maps, finding that the 3D dust recovers the total cloud mass from integrated approaches with fidelity, deviating only at higher levels of extinction ($A_V \gtrsim 2 - 3$ mag). The 3D cloud structure described here will enable comparisons with synthetic clouds generated in simulations, offering unprecedented insight into the origins and fates of molecular clouds in the interstellar medium.

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