模拟暗物质片II的复杂性：非冷暗物质模型的晕和次晕质量函数
Simulating the complexity of the dark matter sheet II: halo and subhalo mass functions for non-cold dark matter models
摘要：
我们提出了“片+释放”的模拟，可靠地遵循暗物质结构的演变和以下的暗物质自由流的规模，在传统的N体模拟的不稳定性创造了大量的虚假人工晕。我们的模拟样本的功率谱截止函数，通过半模尺度$k_{\rm{hm}}$和斜率参数$β$参数化的大范围。这个参数空间可以代表许多非冷暗物质模型，包括热遗迹暖暗物质，不育中微子，模糊暗物质，和ETHOS模型的重要部分。结合这些模拟与额外的N体模拟，我们发现以下结果。(1)即使在消除假晕之后，强抑制区（$n_{\rm{X}}/n_{\rm{CDM}} < 5\%$）中的晕质量函数仍然不确定，因为它强烈依赖于晕的定义。在这些质量尺度上，传统的晕发现者主要识别未绑定的，高度拉长的，由潮汐场主导的，或远离维里化的超密度。(2)然而，抑制小于20倍的制度对这些不确定性是相当鲁棒的，并且可以从合适的N体模拟可靠地推断出。(3)参数化的抑制中的晕和subhalo质量函数通过规模的抑制达到$20\%$，$50\%$和$80\%$，我们提供了简单的公式，使许多非冷暗物质模型的预测。(4)在我们的片+释放模拟晕质量浓度关系同意与以前的结果的基础上N体模拟。(5)在一般情况下，我们证实了以前的N体研究的暖暗物质模型的有效性，在很大程度上消除了对人工晕的影响的担忧。
英文摘要：
We present "sheet+release" simulations that reliably follow the evolution of dark matter structure at and below the dark matter free-streaming scale, where instabilities in traditional N-body simulations create a large population of spurious artificial haloes. Our simulations sample a large range of power-spectrum cutoff functions, parameterized through the half-mode scale $k_{\rm{hm}}$ and a slope parameter $β$. This parameter space can represent many non-cold dark matter models, including thermal relic warm dark matter, sterile-neutrinos, fuzzy dark matter, and a significant fraction of ETHOS models. Combining these simulations with additional N-body simulations, we find the following results. (1) Even after eliminating spurious haloes, the halo mass function in the strongly suppressed regime ($n_{\rm{X}}/n_{\rm{CDM}} < 5\%$) remains uncertain because it depends strongly on the definition of a halo. At these mass scales traditional halo finders primarily identify overdensities that are unbound, highly elongated, dominated by tidal fields, or far from virialized. (2) The regime where the suppression is smaller than a factor of 20 is quite robust to these uncertainties, however, and can be inferred reliably from suitable N-body simulations. (3) Parameterizing the suppression in the halo- and subhalo mass functions through the scales where the suppression reaches $20\%$, $50\%$ and $80\%$, we provide simple formulae which enable predictions for many non-cold dark matter models. (4) The halo mass-concentration relations in our sheet+release simulations agree well with previous results based on N-body simulations. (5) In general, we confirm the validity of previous N-body studies of warm dark matter models, largely eliminating concerns about the effects of artificial haloes.
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