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arXiv 2109.09475cs.CLcs.AIcs.IRcs.LG
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基于SPARQL轮廓生成的知识图谱问答

Knowledge Graph Question Answering via SPARQL Silhouette Generation

IBM Research(IBM研究院)

Sukannya Purkayastha, Saswati Dana, Dinesh Garg, Dinesh Khandelwal, G P Shrivatsa Bhargav

摘要:

随着大规模知识图谱的出现,知识图谱问答成为自然语言处理的一个重要研究领域。最近,基于神经机器翻译的方法正在获得动力,将自然语言查询转换为结构化查询语言,从而解决KGQA任务。然而,这些方法中的大多数都与词汇表外的单词斗争,其中在训练时间内看不到测试实体和关系。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个模块化的两阶段神经架构来解决KGQA任务。第一阶段为输入问题生成目标SPARQL的草图,称为SPARQL轮廓。这包括(1)噪声模拟器,以促进词汇表外的单词和减少词汇量(2)seq 2seq模型的文本到SPARQL轮廓生成。第二阶段是神经图搜索模块。在第一阶段中生成的SPARQL轮廓在第二阶段中通过在预测结构中替换精确关系来提取。我们通过设计一个噪声模拟器来模拟理想和现实的场景。实验结果表明,在第一阶段中生成的SPARQL轮廓的质量是突出的理想的情况下,但对于现实的情况下(即嘈杂的链接器),所得到的SPARQL轮廓的质量急剧下降。然而,我们的神经图搜索模块大大恢复了它。我们表明,我们的方法可以实现合理的性能,提高LC-QuAD-1数据集的3.72%F1的裕度。我们相信,我们提出的方法是新颖的,并将导致动态KGQA解决方案,适合于实际应用。

英文摘要:

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) has become a prominent area in natural language processing due to the emergence of large-scale Knowledge Graphs (KGs). Recently Neural Machine Translation based approaches are gaining momentum that translates natural language queries to structured query languages thereby solving the KGQA task. However, most of these methods struggle with out-of-vocabulary words where test entities and relations are not seen during training time. In this work, we propose a modular two-stage neural architecture to solve the KGQA task. The first stage generates a sketch of the target SPARQL called SPARQL silhouette for the input question. This comprises of (1) Noise simulator to facilitate out-of-vocabulary words and to reduce vocabulary size (2) seq2seq model for text to SPARQL silhouette generation. The second stage is a Neural Graph Search Module. SPARQL silhouette generated in the first stage is distilled in the second stage by substituting precise relation in the predicted structure. We simulate ideal and realistic scenarios by designing a noise simulator. Experimental results show that the quality of generated SPARQL silhouette in the first stage is outstanding for the ideal scenarios but for realistic scenarios (i.e. noisy linker), the quality of the resulting SPARQL silhouette drops drastically. However, our neural graph search module recovers it considerably. We show that our method can achieve reasonable performance improving the state-of-art by a margin of 3.72% F1 for the LC-QuAD-1 dataset. We believe, our proposed approach is novel and will lead to dynamic KGQA solutions that are suited for practical applications.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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