arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2109.08968cs.ROcs.LG
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基于视觉表示学习的偏好感知路径规划

Visual Representation Learning for Preference-Aware Path Planning

The University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);United States Army Research Laboratory (ARL)(美国陆军研究实验室)

Kavan Singh Sikand, Sadegh Rabiee, Adam Uccello, Xuesu Xiao, Garrett Warnell, Joydeep Biswas

摘要:

部署在户外环境中的自主移动机器人必须考虑不同类型的地形,以确保安全(例如,更喜欢泥土而不是泥浆)和部署者偏好(例如,喜欢泥土小路而不是花坛)。大多数现有的解决方案,这种偏好感知路径规划问题使用语义分割从相机图像的地形类型进行分类,然后归因于每种类型的成本。不幸的是,这种方法存在三个关键限制--它们1)需要预先枚举离散地形类型,2)不能处理混合地形类型(例如,草土),以及3)需要昂贵的标记数据来训练视觉语义分割。我们介绍了视觉表示学习偏好感知路径规划(VRL-PAP),一种替代方法,克服了所有三个限制:VRL-PAP利用未标记的人类导航示范自主生成三元组学习视觉表示的地形是视点不变的,并在一个连续的表示空间编码地形类型。然后,将学习到的表示与相同的未标记的人类导航演示一起使用,以学习从表示空间到地形成本的映射。在运行时间,VRL-PAP从图像映射到表示,然后表示到成本,以执行偏好感知路径规划。我们提出了具有挑战性的户外环境的经验结果,证明VRL-PAP 1)能够成功地选择反映所展示的偏好的路径,2)在执行中与具有高度详细的手动注释地图的几何导航相当(不需要这样的注释),3)能够以最少的额外未标记演示推广到新的地形类型。

英文摘要:

Autonomous mobile robots deployed in outdoor environments must reason about different types of terrain for both safety (e.g., prefer dirt over mud) and deployer preferences (e.g., prefer dirt path over flower beds). Most existing solutions to this preference-aware path planning problem use semantic segmentation to classify terrain types from camera images, and then ascribe costs to each type. Unfortunately, there are three key limitations of such approaches -- they 1) require pre-enumeration of the discrete terrain types, 2) are unable to handle hybrid terrain types (e.g., grassy dirt), and 3) require expensive labelled data to train visual semantic segmentation. We introduce Visual Representation Learning for Preference-Aware Path Planning (VRL-PAP), an alternative approach that overcomes all three limitations: VRL-PAP leverages unlabeled human demonstrations of navigation to autonomously generate triplets for learning visual representations of terrain that are viewpoint invariant and encode terrain types in a continuous representation space. The learned representations are then used along with the same unlabeled human navigation demonstrations to learn a mapping from the representation space to terrain costs. At run time, VRL-PAP maps from images to representations and then representations to costs to perform preference-aware path planning. We present empirical results from challenging outdoor settings that demonstrate VRL-PAP 1) is successfully able to pick paths that reflect demonstrated preferences, 2) is comparable in execution to geometric navigation with a highly detailed manually annotated map (without requiring such annotations), 3) is able to generalize to novel terrain types with minimal additional unlabeled demonstrations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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