太阳轨道器观测到的太阳风电子体性质的推导：电子等离子体热力学的初步研究
Deriving the bulk properties of solar wind electrons observed by Solar Orbiter: A preliminary study of electron plasma thermodynamics
摘要：
利用太阳轨道器上的太阳风电子分析系统的观测资料，计算了太阳风电子体参数。我们使用我们的方法来获得电子体参数在几个小时的时间间隔。我们试图通过分析导出的电子密度和温度的多变行为的电子的初步检查。此外，我们讨论了由于航天器充电和光电子污染的能量范围< 10 eV的观测分析的挑战。目的：我们通过分析太阳轨道器的观测数据得到热太阳风电子的体参数，并研究是否存在适用于电子密度和温度波动的典型多方模型。方法：我们使用适当的变换将观测值转换为仪器框架中的速度分布函数。然后，我们推导出电子体参数a）计算的统计矩的构造的速度分布函数和b）通过拟合构造的分布与解析表达式。我们首先测试我们的方法，将它们应用到一个人工数据集，这是我们通过使用正演模拟技术产生的。结果：正演模型验证了我们用来推导电子体参数的分析技术。统计矩的计算和拟合方法确定了与我们用于首先模拟等离子体电子的输入参数在不确定性内相同的体参数。我们的分析技术的数据的应用程序揭示了一个近等温的电子“核心”。结果受到航天器的潜力和光电子污染，我们需要在未来的分析中详细描述。
英文摘要：
We demonstrate the calculation of solar wind electron bulk parameters from recent observations by Solar Wind Analyser Electron Analyser System on board Solar Orbiter. We use our methods to derive the electron bulk parameters in a time interval of a few hours. We attempt a preliminary examination of the polytropic behavior of the electrons by analyzing the derived electron density and temperature. Moreover, we discuss the challenges in analyzing the observations due to the spacecraft charging and photo-electron contamination in the energy range < 10 eV. Aims: We derive bulk parameters of thermal solar wind electrons by analyzing Solar Orbiter observations and we investigate if there is any typical polytropic model that applies to the electron density and temperature fluctuations. Methods: We use the appropriate transformations to convert the observations to velocity distribution functions in the instrument frame. We then derive the electron bulk parameters by a) calculating the statistical moments of the constructed velocity distribution functions and b) by fitting the constructed distributions with analytical expressions. We firstly test our methods by applying them to an artificial data-set, which we produce by using the forward modeling technique. Results: The forward model validates the analysis techniques which we use to derive the electron bulk parameters. The calculation of the statistical moments and the fitting method determines bulk parameters that are identical within uncertainty to the input parameters we use to simulate the plasma electrons in the first place. An application of our analysis technique to the data reveals a nearly isothermal electron "core". The results are affected by the spacecraft potential and the photo-electron contamination, which we need to characterize in detail in future analyses.
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