资源再利用：从日常问题解决到危机管理
Repurposing of Resources: from Everyday Problem Solving through to Crisis Management
摘要：
人类重新利用对象和过程的能力是普遍的，但它不是人类智能的一个很好理解的方面。再利用出现在日常情况下，例如在烹饪时寻找缺少的成分的替代品，或者在做DIY时寻找不可用的工具。它也出现在需要危机管理的前所未有的危急局势中。在自然灾害后和战争期间，人们必须重新利用现有的材料和工艺来建造住所，分发食物等。重新利用在职业生活中同样重要（例如，临床医生经常重新使用未经许可的药物），并应对社会挑战（例如，为废物寻找新的作用）。尽管重新利用的重要性，这个话题很少受到学术界的关注。通过考虑来自各种领域的例子，如日常活动，药物再利用和自然灾害，我们确定了一些主要特征的过程，并描述了一些技术挑战，将参与建模和模拟it.We考虑的情况下，替代，即寻找替代品的缺失资源，和剥削，即确定一个新的角色，现有的资源。我们认为，这些想法可以发展成一般的形式化理论的再利用，这可能会导致人工智能方法的发展的基础上常识推理，论证，本体论推理，和各种机器学习方法，开发工具，以支持再利用在实践中。
英文摘要：
The human ability to repurpose objects and processes is universal, but it is not a well-understood aspect of human intelligence. Repurposing arises in everyday situations such as finding substitutes for missing ingredients when cooking, or for unavailable tools when doing DIY. It also arises in critical, unprecedented situations needing crisis management. After natural disasters and during wartime, people must repurpose the materials and processes available to make shelter, distribute food, etc. Repurposing is equally important in professional life (e.g. clinicians often repurpose medicines off-license) and in addressing societal challenges (e.g. finding new roles for waste products,). Despite the importance of repurposing, the topic has received little academic attention. By considering examples from a variety of domains such as every-day activities, drug repurposing and natural disasters, we identify some principle characteristics of the process and describe some technical challenges that would be involved in modelling and simulating it. We consider cases of both substitution, i.e. finding an alternative for a missing resource, and exploitation, i.e. identifying a new role for an existing resource. We argue that these ideas could be developed into general formal theory of repurposing, and that this could then lead to the development of AI methods based on commonsense reasoning, argumentation, ontological reasoning, and various machine learning methods, to develop tools to support repurposing in practice.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
