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arXiv 2109.07259nlin.AOcs.AIcs.LGcs.MAphysics.soc-ph
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使用具有部分可观测性的确定性强化学习动力学对环境和感知不确定性的影响进行建模

Modeling the effects of environmental and perceptual uncertainty using deterministic reinforcement learning dynamics with partial observability

University of Leeds(利兹大学)

Wolfram Barfuss, Richard P. Mann

摘要:

评估由代理人对世界真实状态的部分观察所产生的不确定性的系统性影响对于理解广泛的情景至关重要。然而,以前的代理学习和决策建模工作要么缺乏系统的方法来描述这种不确定性的来源,要么把重点放在使用复杂的世界模型来获得最优策略上,这将对真实的代理施加不切实际的高认知需求。在这项工作中,我们的目标是有效地描述生物学上合理的和吝啬的学习代理人面对部分可观察的世界的涌现行为。因此,我们推导并提出了确定性强化学习动力学,其中代理只部分观察环境的真实状态。我们展示了广泛的适用性,我们的动态在不同类别的部分可观察的代理环境系统。我们发现,部分可观测性在一些特定的情况下创造了非直观的好处,指出了进一步研究这种影响的一般理解的方式。例如,部分观察型智能体可以更快、更稳定地学习更好的结果,甚至可以克服社会困境。此外,我们的方法允许应用动力系统理论的部分可观察的多智能体学习。在这方面,我们发现了灾难性极限环的出现,奖励制度之间的学习过程的关键放缓和学习动态的快速和缓慢方向的分离,所有这些都是由部分可观测性引起的。因此,所提出的动力学有可能成为生物学,社会科学和机器学习研究人员系统地研究相互作用的部分观察代理的影响的一个正式的,但实用的,轻量级的和强大的工具。

英文摘要:

Assessing the systemic effects of uncertainty that arises from agents' partial observation of the true states of the world is critical for understanding a wide range of scenarios. Yet, previous modeling work on agent learning and decision-making either lacks a systematic way to describe this source of uncertainty or puts the focus on obtaining optimal policies using complex models of the world that would impose an unrealistically high cognitive demand on real agents. In this work we aim to efficiently describe the emergent behavior of biologically plausible and parsimonious learning agents faced with partially observable worlds. Therefore we derive and present deterministic reinforcement learning dynamics where the agents observe the true state of the environment only partially. We showcase the broad applicability of our dynamics across different classes of partially observable agent-environment systems. We find that partial observability creates unintuitive benefits in a number of specific contexts, pointing the way to further research on a general understanding of such effects. For instance, partially observant agents can learn better outcomes faster, in a more stable way and even overcome social dilemmas. Furthermore, our method allows the application of dynamical systems theory to partially observable multiagent leaning. In this regard we find the emergence of catastrophic limit cycles, a critical slowing down of the learning processes between reward regimes and the separation of the learning dynamics into fast and slow directions, all caused by partial observability. Therefore, the presented dynamics have the potential to become a formal, yet practical, lightweight and robust tool for researchers in biology, social science and machine learning to systematically investigate the effects of interacting partially observant agents.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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