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arXiv 2109.07096hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qc
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膜/弦激发的时空泡沫中的光速变化

Light Speed Variation with Brane/String-Inspired Space-Time Foam

Chengyi Li, Bo-Qiang Ma

摘要:

最近对高能伽马射线暴~(GRB)光子的一系列研究表明,在宇宙空间中高能光子的亚光速传播,在$3.6 \times 10^{17}~\mathrm{GeV}$的Lorentz破坏尺度下,光速随能量线性变化。我们提出弦时空泡沫作为一种可能的解释,这种光速的变化。在这样一个弦启发的场景中,玻色子光子开弦以一个超腔速度行进\textit{in vacuo},能量依赖性被弦质量尺度的一个幂所抑制,这是由于小尺度下时空的泡沫结构,正如弦论中的D膜物体所描述的那样。我们提出了一个推导这种变形的传播速度的光子场在红外(IR)制度。我们表明,光速的变化,揭示了在以前的研究中的伽玛暴时间延迟数据,可以很好地描述在这样一个字符串的方法对时空泡沫。在此框架下,我们还导出了有效量子引力质量的值,并对理论依赖系数进行了定性研究。我们评论说,严格的约束洛伦兹违反光子部门补充天体物理观测也可以解释和理解的时空泡沫的背景下。

英文摘要:

Recently a series of studies on high energy gamma-ray burst~(GRB) photons suggest a light speed variation with linear energy dependence at the Lorentz violation scale of $3.6 \times 10^{17}~\mathrm{GeV}$, with subluminal propagation of high energy photons in cosmological space. We propose stringy space-time foam as a possible interpretation for this light speed variation. In such a string-inspired scenario, bosonic photon open-string travels \textit{in vacuo} at an infraluminal speed with an energy dependence suppressed by a single power of the string mass scale, due to the foamy structure of space-time at small scales, as described by D-brane objects in string theory. We present a derivation of this deformed propagation speed of the photon field in the infrared (IR) regime. We show that the light speed variation, revealed in the previous studies on GRBs time-delay data, can be well described within such a string approach towards space-time foam. We also derive the value of the effective quantum-gravity mass in this framework, and give a qualitative study on the theory-dependent coefficients. We comment that stringent constraints on Lorentz violation in the photon sector from complementary astrophysical observations can also be explained and understood in the space-time foam context.

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