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arXiv 2109.05084cs.ROcs.HC
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通过拓扑不变性的人群导航

Winding Through: Crowd Navigation via Topological Invariance

University of Washington(华盛顿大学)

Christoforos Mavrogiannis, Krishna Balasubramanian, Sriyash Poddar, Anush Gandra, Siddhartha S. Srinivasa

摘要:

我们专注于拥挤环境中的机器人导航。预测机器人周围人群的运动是一项挑战,这使得确保人类安全和舒适变得困难。最近的方法通常采用端到端技术进行机器人控制或深度架构进行高保真人体运动预测。虽然这些方法在模拟域中实现了重要的性能基准,但数据集的限制和高样本复杂性往往会阻止它们转移到现实世界的环境中。我们的关键见解是,一个低维表示,捕捉人群机器人动力学的关键特征可能足以使机器人顺利通过人群。为此,我们数学形式化的行为,通过两个代理之间的旋转,使用拓扑不变性的概念。基于这种形式主义,我们设计了一个成本功能,有利于机器人轨迹贡献更高的通过进步和惩罚人类的不同方面之间的切换。我们将此功能到一个模型预测控制器,采用一个简单的恒定速度模型的人体运动预测。这导致机器人运动与最先进的基线相比,在统计上显著提高了与人群的间隙,同时在广泛的模拟和具有挑战性的自平衡机器人现实世界实验中保持了具有竞争力的效率水平。

英文摘要:

We focus on robot navigation in crowded environments. The challenge of predicting the motion of a crowd around a robot makes it hard to ensure human safety and comfort. Recent approaches often employ end-to-end techniques for robot control or deep architectures for high-fidelity human motion prediction. While these methods achieve important performance benchmarks in simulated domains, dataset limitations and high sample complexity tend to prevent them from transferring to real-world environments. Our key insight is that a low-dimensional representation that captures critical features of crowd-robot dynamics could be sufficient to enable a robot to wind through a crowd smoothly. To this end, we mathematically formalize the act of passing between two agents as a rotation, using a notion of topological invariance. Based on this formalism, we design a cost functional that favors robot trajectories contributing higher passing progress and penalizes switching between different sides of a human. We incorporate this functional into a model predictive controller that employs a simple constant-velocity model of human motion prediction. This results in robot motion that accomplishes statistically significantly higher clearances from the crowd compared to state-of-the-art baselines while maintaining competitive levels of efficiency, across extensive simulations and challenging real-world experiments on a self-balancing robot.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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