2020年火星毅力号探测器上的MEDA仪器观测到的漩涡和尘暴
Vortices and Dust Devils As Observed by the MEDA Instruments onboard Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover
摘要：
尘卷风是火星大气中一个重要的，也许是主要的尘埃来源，它在火星的气候中起着关键作用。以前着陆任务的数据集揭示了尘暴活动，限制了它们的结构，并阐明了它们的扬尘能力。然而，每个着陆点和观测季节都表现出独特的气象特性，这些特性塑造了尘暴活动，并有助于阐明它们对环境条件的依赖性。最近发布的火星环境动力学分析仪（MEDA）仪器套件在火星2020毅力漫游者上的数据为沙尘暴研究提供了一个新的宝库。在这项研究中，我们筛选的时间序列从MEDA的压力传感器（PS）和辐射和灰尘传感器（RDS）寻找通过的漩涡和沙尘暴的信号。我们在任务的前89个太阳系中探测到309个漩涡。与预测一致，这些遭遇率超过了InSight和Cursfield的遭遇率。RDS时间序列还使我们能够评估一个经过的涡旋是否可能是尘土飞扬的（因此是一个真正的沙尘暴）或无尘。我们发现，大约四分之一的漩涡显示出灰尘的迹象，虽然不利的遭遇几何形状可能会阻止我们检测其他漩涡的灰尘。除了这些结果，我们还讨论了涡旋研究的前景，因为来自火星2020的额外数据正在处理和提供。
英文摘要：
An important and perhaps dominant source of dust in the martian atmosphere, dust devils play a key role in Mars' climate. Datasets from previous landed missions have revealed dust devil activity, constrained their structures, and elucidated their dust-lifting capacities. However, each landing site and observational season exhibits unique meteorological properties that shape dust devil activity and help illuminate their dependence on ambient conditions. The recent release of data from the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) instrument suite onboard the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover promises a new treasure-trove for dust devil studies. In this study, we sift the time-series from MEDA's Pressure Sensor (PS) and Radiative and Dust Sensors (RDS) to look for the signals of passing vortices and dust devils. We detected 309 vortex encounters over the mission's first 89 sols. Consistent with predictions, these encounter rates exceed InSight and Curiosity's encounter rates. The RDS time-series also allows us to assess whether a passing vortex is likely to be dusty (and therefore is a true dust devil) or dustless. We find that about one quarter of vortices show signs of dust-lofting, although unfavorable encounter geometries may have prevented us from detecting dust for other vortices. In addition to these results, we discuss prospects for vortex studies as additional data from Mars 2020 are processed and made available.
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