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arXiv 2109.03604cs.LGeess.SP
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电力系统中关系型电感偏置的功率--图神经网络

Power to the Relational Inductive Bias: Graph Neural Networks in Electrical Power Grids

Siemens(西门子)

Martin Ringsquandl, Houssem Sellami, Marcel Hildebrandt, Dagmar Beyer, Sylwia Henselmeyer, Sebastian Weber, Mitchell Joblin

摘要:

图神经网络(GNNs)在电网领域的应用对智能电网监控具有很大的潜在影响。尽管GNN中的潮流与消息传递有着天然的对应关系,但它们在电网上的性能还没有得到很好的理解。我们认为,GNN的研究驱动的基准,其中包含的图形,不同的电网在几个重要方面之间存在差距。此外,还没有用真实世界的数据探索跨多个电网拓扑结构的GNN的归纳学习。我们解决这个差距,通过(i)定义电网图形数据集在归纳设置,(ii)图形属性的探索性分析,和(iii)在现实世界的电网状态估计的具体学习任务的实证研究。我们的研究结果表明,与基线相比,GNN对噪声的鲁棒性更强,误差降低了400%。此外,由于电网的独特性质,我们没有观察到GNN的众所周知的过度平滑现象,并发现性能最好的模型非常深,最多可达13层。这与现有的基准数据集形成鲜明对比,其中共识是2到3层GNN表现最好。我们的研究结果表明,在这一领域的一个关键挑战是有效地处理长程依赖。

英文摘要:

The application of graph neural networks (GNNs) to the domain of electrical power grids has high potential impact on smart grid monitoring. Even though there is a natural correspondence of power flow to message-passing in GNNs, their performance on power grids is not well-understood. We argue that there is a gap between GNN research driven by benchmarks which contain graphs that differ from power grids in several important aspects. Additionally, inductive learning of GNNs across multiple power grid topologies has not been explored with real-world data. We address this gap by means of (i) defining power grid graph datasets in inductive settings, (ii) an exploratory analysis of graph properties, and (iii) an empirical study of the concrete learning task of state estimation on real-world power grids. Our results show that GNNs are more robust to noise with up to 400% lower error compared to baselines. Furthermore, due to the unique properties of electrical grids, we do not observe the well known over-smoothing phenomenon of GNNs and find the best performing models to be exceptionally deep with up to 13 layers. This is in stark contrast to existing benchmark datasets where the consensus is that 2 to 3 layer GNNs perform best. Our results demonstrate that a key challenge in this domain is to effectively handle long-range dependence.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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