J. T. Zhang, X. L. Tu, P. Sarriguren, K. Yue, Q. Zeng, Z. Y. Sun, M. Wang, Y. H. Zhang, X. H. Zhou, Yu. A. Litvinov
Available experimental neutron skin thicknesses of even-even stable Ca, Ni, Sn, Pb, and Cd isotopes are evaluated, and separate trends of neutron skin thickness versus relative neutron excess $δ=(N-Z)/A$ are firstly observed for different isotopic chains. This phenomenon is quantitatively reproduced by the deformed Skyrme Hartree-Fock $+$ BCS model with SLy4 force.
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The neutron skin-thickness of 208 Pb determined by electron and proton scattering
研究通过电荷分布第四阶矩检验电子与质子散射一致性，以确定208Pb的中子皮厚度。
The relation between the slope of the nuclear symmetry energy at saturation density and the neutron skin thickness is investigated. Constraints on the slope of the symmetry energy are deduced from the neutron skin data obtained in experiments with antiprotonic atoms. Two types of neutron skin are distinguished: the "surface" and the "bulk". A combination of both types forms neutron skin in most of nuclei. A prescription to calculate neutron skin thickness and the slope of symmetry energy parameter $L$ from the parity violating asymmetry measured in the PREX experiment is proposed.
Configurational information entropy (CIE) theory was employed to determine the neutron skin thickness of neutron-rich calcium isotopes. The nuclear density distributions and fragment cross-sections in 350 MeV/u $^{40-60}$Ca + $^{9}$Be projectile fragmentation reactions were calculated using a modified statistical abrasion-ablation model. CIE quantities were determined from the nuclear density, isotopic, mass, and charge distributions. The linear correlations between the CIE determined using the isotopic, mass, and charge distributions and the neutron skin thickness of the projectile nucleus sh…
We examine whether or not the surface tension acts to increase the nucleon density in the nuclear interior within a compressible liquid-drop model. We find that it depends on the density dependence of the surface tension, which may in turn be deduced from the neutron skin thickness of stable nuclei.
Probing the neutron-skin thickness via the double-charge exchange reactions in pion-nucleus collisions
本文在LQMD输运模型框架下研究π介子诱发的双电荷交换反应，发现π⁻/π⁺动能谱比对丰中子核中子皮厚度敏感，可用于提取亚饱和密度对称能。
Photon from neutron-proton bremsstrahlung in p+Pb reactions is examined as a potential probe of the neutron-skin thickness in different centralities and at different proton incident energies. It is shown that the best choice of reaction environment is about 140MeV for the incident proton and the 95\%-100\% centrality for the reaction system since the incident proton mainly interacts with neutrons inside the skin of the target and thus leads to different photon production to maximal extent. Moreover, considering two main uncertainties from both photon production probability and nucleon-nucleon …
Determining the neutron skin thickness by relativistic semi-isobaric collisions
本文通过iEBE-VISHNU模拟半同量异位素碰撞，提出利用流比观测量确定$^{208}$Pb和$^{197}$Au的中子皮厚度，为现有重离子数据提供新分析方法。
We present a new statistical tool based on random sampling to assess the confidence interval of Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients. These estimators are then used to quantify the statistical correlations among the neutron skin thickness of atomic nuclei and the slope of the symmetry energy in the infinite nuclear medium.
Correlations between the thickness of the neutron skin in finite nuclei and the nuclear matter symmetry energy are studied in the Skyrme Hartree-Fock model. From the most recent analysis of the isospin diffusion data in heavy-ion collisions based on an isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model with in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections, a value of $L=88\pm 25$ MeV for the slope of the nuclear symmetry energy at saturation density is extracted, and this imposes stringent constraints on both the parameters in the Skyrme effective interactions and the neutron skin thickness of heavy nucl…
The neutron-skin thickness of asymmetric semi-infinite nuclear matter is shown to be a function of Coulomb energy, the asymmetry-energy coefficient($J$), the slope($L$) of the asymmetry energy, and the incompressibility coefficient, in addition to he Fermi momentum and the asymmetry parameter. The relational formula is derived on the basis of the Hugenholtz-Van Hove theorem in the mean-field approximation for nuclear matter. Using the formula as a guide, the neutron-skin thickness($δR$) in $^{208}$Pb is examined. The linear correlation between $L$ and $δR$ appears as a kind of spurious ones th…
In the present work we investigate the main differences in the lead neutron skin thickness, binding energy, surface energy and density profiles obtained with two different density dependent relativistic hadronic models, within the Thomas-Fermi approximation. We show that the asymmetry parameter for low momentum transfer polarized electron scattering is not sensitive to the model parametrization differences.
The energy of the charge-exchange Anti-analog Giant Dipole Resonance (AGDR) has been calculated for the 208Pb isotope using the state-of-the-art fully self-consistent relativistic proton-neutron quasiparticle random-phase approximation based on the Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov model. It is shown that the AGDR centroid energy is very sensitively related to the corresponding neutron-skin thickness. The neutron-skin thickness of 208Pb has been determined very precisely by comparing the theoretical results with the available experimental data on E(AGDR). The result DR(pn)= 0.161(42) agrees nice…
In the present work, we use a finite range effective interaction to calculate the neutron skin thickness in $^{48}$Ca and correlate these quantities with the parameters of nuclear symmetry energy. Available experimental data on the neutron skin thickness in $^{48}$Ca are used to deduce information on the density slope parameter and the curvature symmetry parameter of the nuclear symmetry energy at saturation and at subsaturation densities. We obtained the constraints such as $54.5\leq L(ρ_0) \leq 97.5$ MeV and $47.3\leq L(ρ_c) \leq 57.1$ MeV for the density slope parameter. The constraints on …
We calculate the skin thickness, binding energy, surface energy and density profiles within the Dirac solution of a density dependent hadronic model and compare with the NL3 parametrization results of the non-linear Wallecka model. The asymmetry for polarized electron scattering is also obtained using a partial wave expansion calculation. Results for 208Pb, 40Ca, 48Ca, 66Ni and 90Zr are shown and discussed.
An alternative way to constrain the density dependence of the symmetry energy with the slope of the neutron skin thickness of nuclei which shows a linear relation to both the isospin asymmetry and the nuclear charge with a form of Z^{2/3} is proposed. The linear dependence of the neutron skin thickness on the nuclear charge and isospin asymmetry is systematically studied with the data from antiprotonic atom measurement experimentally and the extended Thomas-Fermi approach incorporated the Skyrme energy density functional theoretically. An obviously linear relationship between the slope paramet…
The static dipole polarizability, $α_{\rm D}$, in ${}^{208}$Pb has been recently measured with high-resolution via proton inelastic scattering at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP). This observable is thought to be intimately connected with the neutron skin thickness, $r_{\rm skin}$, of the same nucleus and, more fundamentally, it is believed to be associated with the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. The impact of $r_{\rm skin}$ on $α_{\rm D}$ in ${}^{208}$Pb is investigated and discussed on the basis of a large and representative set of relativistic and non-relat…
We investigated effects of pairing correlations on the neutron skin thickness and the symmetry energy of finite nuclei. In this calculation we used Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) method with Skyrme forces and effective pairing interactions. The results have been compared with available experimental data, Hartree-Fock (HF) results as well as the predictions by droplet model (DM). Finally, our discussion was extended to study of the pairing interaction in nuclear matter. Roles of isospin T = 0 pairing in the nuclear matter were also discussed.
A nonlocal dispersive-optical-model analysis has been carried out for neutrons and protons in $^{48}$Ca. Elastic-scattering angular distributions, total and reaction cross sections, single-particle energies, the neutron and proton numbers, and the charge distribution have been fitted to extract the neutron and proton self-energies both above and below the Fermi energy. From the single-particle propagator resulting from these self-energies we have determined the charge and neutron matter distributions in $^{48}$Ca. A neutron skin of 0.249$\pm$0.023~fm is deduced. The energy dependence of the to…
We use a finite range simple effective interaction to construct nuclear equations of state for the study of the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. The EoSs provide good descriptions of the nuclear symmetry energy at a subsaturation density $ρ_c=0.11$ fm$^{-3}$ and at a density around two times the saturation density $ρ_0$. We obtain a correlation between the neutron skin thickness in $^{208}$Pb and the density slope parameter at the subsaturation density. A linear relation is obtained between the neutron skin thickness and the parameter $β^{\prime}=\frac{L(ρ_c)}{3E_s(ρ_0)}$, wh…
We analyze the neutron skin thickness in finite nuclei with the droplet model and effective nuclear interactions. The ratio of the bulk symmetry energy J to the so-called surface stiffness coefficient Q has in the droplet model a prominent role in driving the size of neutron skins. We present a correlation between the density derivative of the nuclear symmetry energy at saturation and the J/Q ratio. We emphasize the role of the surface widths of the neutron and proton density profiles in the calculation of the neutron skin thickness when one uses realistic mean-field effective interactions. Ne…
We study several structure properties of finite nuclei using relativistic mean-field Lagrangians constructed according to the Brown-Rho scaling due to the chiral symmetry restoration at high densities. The models are consistent with current experimental constraints for the equations of state of symmetric matter at both normal and supra-normal densities and of asymmetric matter at sub-saturation densities. It is shown that these models can successfully describe the binding energies and charge radii of finite nuclei. Compared to calculations with usual relativistic mean-field models, these model…
We studied the charge radius ($r_{c}$), neutron radius ($r_n$), and neutron skin-thickness ($Δr=r_n-r_p$) over a chain of isotopes from C to Zr with the stable region to the neutron drip line. Theoretical calculations are done with axially deformed self-consistent relativistic mean-field theory (RMF) with effective nonlinear NL3 and NL3* interactions. The theoretically estimated values are compared with available experimental data and a reasonable agreement are noted. We additionally assessed the two-neutron separation energy ($S_{2n}$) to mark the drip line nuclei of the considered isotopic s…
The model dependence in the correlations of the neutron-skin thickness in heavy nuclei with various symmetry energy parameters is analyzed by using several families of systematically varied microscopic mean field models. Such correlations show a varying degree of model dependence once the results for all the different families are combined. Some mean field models associated with similar values of the symmetry energy slope parameter at saturation density $L$, and pertaining to different families, yield a greater-than-expected spread in the neutron-skin thickness of the $^{208}$Pb nucleus. The e…
The mass-dependent symmetry energy coefficients $a_{sym}(A)$ has been extracted by analysing the heavy nuclear mass differences reducing the uncertainties as far as possible in our previous work. Taking advantage of the obtained symmetry energy coefficient $a_{sym}(A)$ and the density profiles obtained by switching off the Coulomb interaction in $^{208}\text{Pb}$, we calculated the slope parameter $L_{0.11}$ of the symmetry energy at the density of $0.11\text{fm}^{-3}$. The calculated $L_{0.11}$ ranges from 40.5 MeV to 60.3 MeV. The slope parameter $L_{0.11}$ of the symmetry energy at the dens…
Neutron skin thickness ($R_{np}$) of the atomic nuclei $^{48}$Ca, $^{132}$Sn and $^{208}$Pb are considered in the KIDS (Korea:IBS-Daegu-Sungkyunkwan) density functional formalism. Model parameters most relevant to $R_{np}$ are constrained from standard nuclear data and neutron star properties determined from modern observations. Mean values of $R_{np}$ are obtained as 0.161, 0.220 and 0.160 fm for $^{48}$Ca, $^{132}$Sn and $^{208}$Pb, respectively, and the corresponding standard deviations are 0.011, 0.020 and 0.021 fm. Correlations between $R_{np}$ of the three nuclei are considered, and we f…
[Background] We constructed the Kyushu chiral $g$-matrix and confirmed its reliability at $30 \lesssim E_{\rm in} \lesssim 100 $~MeV and $250 \lesssim E_{\rm in} \lesssim 400$~MeV for $^{12}$C scattering. Reaction cross section data of $^{4}$He scattering are available for some nuclides including $^{208}$Pb. PREX II collaboration reported a thick neutron skin for $^{208}$Pb. [Purpose] Our purpose is to deduce neutron skin thicknesses of $^{208}$Pb and some other nuclides from reaction cross sections calculated in terms of the double folding model with the $g$-matrix. [Methods] We fold the $g$-…
A Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis of Neutron-Skin Thicknesses and Implications for the Symmetry-Energy Slope
研究利用层次贝叶斯框架综合异构中子皮肤约束，将中子皮肤厚度建模为相关函数，以锡同位素为例推断趋势、评估泛函一致性并获对称能参数约束，展现中子皮肤对亚饱和对称压力的敏感性，为核状态方程提供约束。
We systematically investigate the neutron-skin thickness of neutron-rich nuclei within a compressible droplet model, which includes several parameters characterizing the surface tension and the equation of state (EOS) of asymmetric nuclear matter as well as corrections due to the surface diffuseness. Such a systematic analysis helps towards constraining the EOS parameters of asymmetric nuclear matter and the poorly known density dependence of the surface tension; the latter is estimated with help of available experimental data for the neutron and proton density distributions and the nuclear ma…
We studied the charge radius, rms radius and neutron skin thickness $Δr_{np}$ in even-even isotopes of Si, S, Ar and Ca and isotones of N =20, 28, 50 and 82. The $Δr_{np}$ in doubly-magic $^{48}$Ca, $^{68}$Ni, $^{120,132}$Sn and $^{208}$Pb nuclei has also been calculated. Theoretical calculations are done with the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory with the effective Skyrme interactions. Calculated theoretical estimates are in good agreement with the recently available experimental data. The charge radii for Si, S, Ar and Ca isotopes is observed to be minimum at neutron number N =14. The theoretic…
Direct hard photon emissions from incoherent proton-neutron bremsstrahlung in collisions of the neutron-rich projectile $^{50}$Ca with $^{12}$C and $^{40}$Ca targets are simulated in the framework of the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model. By adjusting the diffuseness parameter of neutron density in the droplet model to obtain different neutron skin thicknesses for $^{50}$Ca, the effects of neutron skin thickness on direct hard photon emission are investigated via several probes. The results show that more direct hard photons are produced with increasing neutron skin thi…
The correlation between the thickness of the neutron skin in Pb-208, and the degree of isospin diffusion in heavy-ion collisions is examined. The same equation of state is used to compute the degree of isospin diffusion in an isospin-depedent transport model and the neutron skin thickness in the Hartree-Fock approximation. We find that skin thicknesses less than 0.15 fm are excluded by the isospin diffusion data.
We analyze total reaction cross sections, $σ_R$, for exploring their sensitivity to the neutron-skin thickness of nuclei. We cover 91 nuclei of O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ca, and Ni isotopes. The cross sections are calculated in the Glauber theory using the density distributions obtained with the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock method in 3-dimensional coordinate space. Defining a reaction radius, $a_R=\sqrt{σ_R/π}$, to characterize the nuclear size and target (proton or $^{12}$C) dependence, we find an empirical formula for expressing $a_R$ with the point matter radius and the skin thickness, and assess two practi…
Accurate knowledge about the neutron skin thickness $ΔR_{np}$ in $^{208}$Pb has far-reaching implications for different communities of nuclear physics and astrophysics. Yet, the novel Lead Radius Experiment (PREX) did not yield stringent constraint on the $ΔR_{np}$ recently. We employ a more practicable strategy currently to probe the neutron skin thickness of $^{208}$Pb based on a high linear correlation between the $ΔR_{np}$ and $J-a_{\text{sym}}$, where $J$ and $a_{\text{sym}}$ are the symmetry energy (coefficient) of nuclear matter at saturation density and of $^{208}$Pb. An accurate $J-a_…
New quantification of symmetry energy from neutron skin thicknesses of $^{48}$Ca and $^{208}$Pb
针对CREX与PREX2实验数据在现有核模型下不兼容的问题，本研究采用按不同同位旋标量不可压缩系数分类的Skyrme能量密度泛函，基于⁴⁸Ca和²⁰⁸Pb中子皮厚度量化对称能斜率参数，发现K=220MeV参数集可使两核所得L值范围几乎重叠。
The interplay between the formation of neutron skin and alpha cluster at the dilute surface of neutron-rich nuclei is one of the interesting subjects in the study of neutron-rich nuclei and nuclear clustering. A theoretical model has predicted that the growth of neutron skin will prevent the alpha clustering at the nuclear surface. Quite recently, this theoretical perspective; the suppression of alpha clustering by the neutron-skin formation was first confirmed experimentally in Sn isotopes as the reduction of the (p, p alpha) reaction cross-section. Motivated by the novel discovery, in this w…
Correlation of the symmetry energy at subsaturation densities and neutron-skin thickness in low-energy antiproton induced reactions
基于Lanzhou量子分子动力学模型，研究低能反质子诱导反应中中子皮厚度与对称能的关联，发现反质子主要在亚饱和密度区湮灭，n/p和$π^-/π^+$比对对称能刚度敏感，为提取亚饱和密度对称能提供方法。
The density dependence of the symmetry energy around saturation density, characterized by the slope parameter L, is studied using information provided by the neutron skin thickness in finite nuclei. An estimate for L is obtained from experimental data on neutron skins extracted from antiprotonic atoms. We also discuss the ability of parity-violating elastic electron scattering to obtain information on the neutron skin thickness in 208Pb and to constrain the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. The size and shape of the neutron density distribution of 208Pb predicted by mean-field…
The fragment production in collisions of $^{48,50}$Ca+$^{12}$C at 50 MeV/nucleon are simulated via the Isospin-Dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics (IQMD) model followed by the {GEMINI code}. {By changing the diffuseness parameter of neutron density distribution to obtain different neutron skin size, the effects of neutron skin thickness ($δ_{np}$) on projectile-like fragments (PLF) are investigated. The sensitivity of isoscaling behavior to neutron skin size is studied, from which it is found that the isoscaling parameter $α$ has a linear dependence on $δ_{np}$. A linear dependence between $δ…
We present and discuss numerical predictions for the neutron density distribution of $^{208}$Pb using various non-relativistic and relativistic mean-field models for the nuclear structure. Our results are compared with the very recent pion photoproduction data from Mainz. The parity-violating asymmetry parameter for elastic electron scattering at the kinematics of the PREX experiment at JLab and the neutron skin thickness are compared with the available data. We consider also the dependence between the neutron skin and the parameters of the expansion of the symmetry energy.
We investigate ground states properties of Pb isotopes located between neutron and proton drip-lines estimated by two-neutron (two-proton) separation energies and Fermi energies within the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum (DRHBc). First, we report some candidates of nuclear shape coexistence in the isotope chain. They are accessed by calculating total energy as a function of the deformation parameter $β_2$, and for the coexistence candidates we take a couple of the deformation region bringing about minima of the energy within energy difference $ΔE < $ 1 MeV. Second,…
The nucleon density distributions and the thickness of pure neutron matter in Ca isotopes were systematically studied using the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model (SHF) from the $β$-stability line to the neutron drip-line. The pure neutron matter, related with the neutron skin or halo, was shown to depend not only on the Fermi levels of the neutrons but also on the orbital angular momentum of the valence neutrons. New definitions for the thickness of pure neutron matter are proposed.
We examine a method to determine the neutron-skin thickness of nuclei using data on the charge-exchange anti-analog giant dipole resonance (AGDR). Calculations performed using the relativistic proton-neutron quasiparticle random-phase approximation (RQRPA) reproduce the isotopic trend of the excitation energies of the AGDR, as well as that of the spin-flip giant dipole resonances (IVSGDR), in comparison to available data for the even-even isotopes 112-124Sn. It is shown that the excitation energies of the AGDR, obtained using a set of density-dependent effective interactions which span a range…
The formation of $α$-particle clusters on the surface of heavy nuclei is described in a generalized relativistic mean-field model with explicit cluster degrees of freedom. The effects on the size of the neutron skin of Sn nuclei and ${}^{208}$Pb are investigated as a function of the mass number and the isospin-dependent part of the effective interaction, respectively. The correlation of the neutron skin thickness with the difference of the neutron and proton numbers and with the slope of the nuclear symmetry energy is modified as compared to the mean-field calculation without alpha-cluster cor…
The correlations of the crust-core transition density and pressure in neutron stars with the slope of the symmetry energy and the neutron skin thickness are investigated, using different families of relativistic mean field parametrizations with constant couplings and non-linear terms mixing the $σ$, $ω$ and $ρ$-meson fields. It is shown that the modification of the density dependence of the symmetry energy, involving the $σ$ or the $ω$ meson, gives rise to different behaviors: the effect of the $ω$-meson may also be reproduced within non-relativistic phenomenological models, while the effect o…
Multi-neutron systems are crucial to understanding the physics of neutron-rich nuclei and neutron stars. Neutron drops, neutrons confined in an external field, are investigated systematically in both non-relativistic and relativistic density functional theories and with ab initio calculations. We demonstrate a strong linear correlation, which is universal in the realm of mean-field models, between the rms radii of neutron drops and the neutron skin thickness of Pb-208 and Ca-48; i.e., the difference between the neutron and proton rms radii of a nucleus. Due to its high quality, this correlatio…
Probing the neutron-skin thickness through $J/ψ$ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral collisions
研究中子皮厚度对超 Peripheral 铅-铅碰撞中 $J/ψ$ 光产生的影响，通过色玻璃凝聚框架计算相干和非相干截面，并展示其对动量转移 $|t|$ 的依赖性，发现中子皮厚度对 $|t|$ 谱有明显影响，且非相干与相干截面比是约束中子皮厚度的有效工具。
Effects of Coulomb and isospin symmetry breaking interactions on neutron-skin thickness
本文研究库仑与同位旋对称性破缺相互作用对中子皮厚度的影响，发现库仑修正影响可忽略，而强相互作用的电荷对称性破缺项影响显著，并影响对称能量密度依赖性L的估计约0-12 MeV。
The neutron density distributions and neutron skin thicknesses in $^{40,48}$Ca are determined from the angular distributions of the cross sections and analyzing powers of polarized proton elastic scattering at $E_p = 295$ MeV. Based on the framework of the relativistic impulse approximation with the density-dependent effective $NN$ interaction, the experimental data is successfully analyzed, providing precise information of neutron and proton density profiles of $^{40,48}$Ca with small uncertainties. The extracted neutron and proton density distributions give neutron skin thicknesses in $^{40,…
Mirror-skin thickness: a possible observable sensitive to the charge symmetry breaking energy density functional
本研究提出镜像皮厚度这一新可观测量，证实其仅对核能量密度泛函的电荷对称性破缺项敏感，可定量提取该项强度，并推荐了可实验测量的镜像核对。
We describe a relation between the symmetry energy coefficients c_sym(rho) of nuclear matter and a_sym(A) of finite nuclei that accommodates other correlations of nuclear properties with the low-density behavior of c_sym(rho). Here we take advantage of this relation to explore the prospects for constraining c_sym(rho) of systematic measurements of neutron skin sizes across the mass table, using as example present data from antiprotonic atoms. The found constraints from neutron skins are in harmony with the recent determinations from reactions and giant resonances.
A method is presented to extract the neutron-skin thickness of atomic nuclei from the second and fourth moments of the electric charge distribution. We show that the value of the proton fourth moment must be independently known in order to estimate the neutron skin thickness experimentally. To overcome this problem, we propose the use of a strong linear correlation among the second and fourth moments of the proton distribution as calculated with several energy density functionals of common use. We take special care in estimating the errors associated with the different contributions to the neu…
In these proceedings, we present the measurements of neutron skin thickness and nuclear deformation using isobar $^{96}_{44}$Ru+$^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr+$^{96}_{40}$Zr collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=200$ GeV by the STAR detector. The significant deviations from unity of the isobar ratios of elliptic flow $v_{2}$, triangular flow $v_{3}$, mean $p_{\rm T}$ fluctuations $\langleδp_{\rm T}^{2}\rangle/\langle p_{\rm T}\rangle^{2}$, and asymmetric cumulant ${\rm ac}_{2}\{3\}$ indicate large differences in their quadrupole and octuple deformations. The significant deviations of the isob…
Extracting neutron skin from elastic proton-nucleus scattering with deep neural network
基于相对论冲量近似，利用深度神经网络估算$^{48}$Ca的核子密度分布与中子皮厚度，显著改善了大角度散射观测值，并测定中子皮厚度为0.211(11) fm。
The charge density and neutron skin thickness of Skyrmions
该研究受宇称破坏电子散射实验启发，将原子核建模为量子化Skyrmion并计算NST，证明其在近似下仅由重子数和同位旋数决定，并在领头阶恢复与不对称参数的线性关系。
Nuclei with large neutron-to-proton ratios have neutron skins, which manifest themselves in an excess of neutrons at distances greater than the radius of the proton distribution. In addition, some drip-line nuclei develop very extended halo structures. The neutron halo is a threshold effect; it appears when the valence neutrons occupy weakly bound orbits. In this study, nuclear skins and halos are analyzed within the self-consistent Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov and relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theories for spherical shapes. It is demonstrated that skins, halos, and surface thickness can b…
We study the relation between neutron removal cross section ($σ_{-N}$) and neutron skin thickness for finite neutron rich nuclei using the statistical abrasion ablation (SAA) model. Different sizes of neutron skin are obtained by adjusting the diffuseness parameter of neutrons in the Fermi distribution. It is demonstrated that there is a good linear correlation between $σ_{-N}$ and the neutron skin thickness for neutron rich nuclei. Further analysis suggests that the relative increase of neutron removal cross section could be used as a quantitative measure for the neutron skin thickness in neu…
The information on the symmetry energy and its density dependence is deduced by comparing the available data on the electric dipole polarizability $α_D$ of ${}^{68}$Ni, ${}^{120}$Sn, and ${}^{208}$Pb with the predictions of the Random Phase Approximation, using a representative set of nuclear energy density functionals. The calculated values of $α_D$ are used to validate different correlations involving $α_D$, the symmetry energy at the saturation density $J$, the corresponding slope parameter $L$ and the neutron skin thickness $Δr_{\!np}$, as suggested by the Droplet Model. A subset of models…
The nuclear symmetry energy and the neutron skin thickness in nuclei
本研究结合多种核子状态方程，分析核对称能$L$参数与$^{48}$Ca、$^{208}$Pb中子皮厚度的关联，发现CREX与PREX I+II实验数据和现有核状态方程认知存在潜在张力。
Nuclear collective motion provides valuable constraint on the size of neutron-skin thickness and the properties of nuclear matter symmetry energy. By employing relativistic nuclear energy density functional (RNEDF) and covariance analysis related to $χ^2$ fitting of the model parameters, relevant observables are identified for dipole excitations, which strongly correlate with the neutron-skin thickness $(r_{np})$, symmetry energy at saturation density $(J)$ and slope of the symmetry energy $(L)$. Using the RNEDF framework and experimental data on pygmy dipole strength ($^{68}$Ni, $^{132}$Sn, $…
Unraveling the neutron skin thickness through jet charge in deep inelastic scattering
本研究提出利用电子-离子碰撞深度非弹性散射中的喷注电荷分布探测中子皮厚度的新方法，验证了其在不同碰撞体系中的敏感性，预测了边缘碰撞中的喷注电荷分布变化，且可推广至大型强子对撞机的相关实验，为中子皮厚度测量提供新途径。
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