为什么需要一个村庄来管理和共享数据
Why it takes a village to manage and share data
摘要：
美国国立卫生研究院的数据管理和共享政策的实施计划将于2023年生效，为反思利益相关者、基础设施、实践、经济学和数据共享的可持续性提供了机会。满足数据共享要求的责任往往落在主要调查人员身上，而建立、管理和维持传播数据产品所需的知识基础设施则需要一群利益攸关方。个体科学家有混合的激励措施，也有许多阻碍共享数据的因素，所有这些都因研究领域、方法、资源和其他因素而异。数据共享的动机和投资在学术机构利益相关者之间也有很大差异，如大学领导层、研究计算、图书馆和各个学校和部门。利益相关者关注的问题在许多方面都是相互依赖的，其中七个方面是：分享什么数据;背景和信用;发现;方法和培训;知识产权;数据科学计划;以及国际紧张局势。数据共享不是一个简单的个人实践问题，而是一个基础设施、制度和经济问题。政府、资助机构和国际科学组织都需要投资于数据共享的公共方法，以发展成为一个可持续的国际生态系统。
英文摘要：
Implementation plans for the National Institutes of Health policy for data management and sharing, which takes effect in 2023, provide an opportunity to reflect on the stakeholders, infrastructures, practice, economics, and sustainability of data sharing. Responsibility for fulfilling data sharing requirements tends to fall on principal investigators, whereas it takes a village of stakeholders to construct, manage, and sustain the necessary knowledge infrastructure for disseminating data products. Individual scientists have mixed incentives, and many disincentives to share data, all of which vary by research domain, methods, resources, and other factors. Motivations and investments for data sharing also vary widely among academic institutional stakeholders such as university leadership, research computing, libraries, and individual schools and departments. Stakeholder concerns are interdependent along many dimensions, seven of which are explored: what data to share; context and credit; discovery; methods and training; intellectual property; data science programs; and international tensions. Data sharing is not a simple matter of individual practice, but one of infrastructure, institutions, and economics. Governments, funding agencies, and international science organizations all will need to invest in commons approaches for data sharing to develop into a sustainable international ecosystem.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
