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arXiv 2109.01489astro-ph.GA
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黑洞重新定位对星系形成模拟的重要性

The importance of black hole repositioning for galaxy formation simulations

Yannick M. Bahé, Joop Schaye, Matthieu Schaller, Richard G. Bower, Josh Borrow, Evgenii Chaikin, Roi Kugel, Folkert Nobels, Sylvia Ploeckinger

摘要:

吸积超大质量黑洞反馈的活动星系核是星系形成模拟的重要组成部分。SMBHs的轨道演化受到动力学摩擦的影响,而动力学摩擦不能通过当代有代表性的星系形成模拟自洽地预测。相反,这种模拟通常使用简单的“重新定位”SMBH,但这种方法对SMBH和星系性质的影响尚未得到系统的研究。基于一套光滑粒子流体动力学模拟与SWIFT代码和Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton次网格气体吸积模型,我们调查的影响重新定位SMBH的增长和其他重子组件通过AGN反馈。在质量分辨率的至少1000倍范围内,SMBH重新定位(或等效方法)是AGN反馈的必要先决条件;没有它,黑洞增长是可以忽略不计的。将有效的重新定位速度限制在$\lesssim$ 10 km/s,延迟了活动星系核反馈的开始,并严重限制了它对大质量星系中心恒星质量增长的影响。重新定位有三个直接的物理后果。它促进SMBH合并,从而加速其初始增长。此外,它提高了周围气体的峰值密度,并降低了SMBH相对于它的速度,从而使吸积速率达到许多数量级。我们的研究结果表明,一个更复杂和/或更好的校准处理SMBH重新定位是一个关键的一步,更具有预测性的星系形成模拟。

英文摘要:

Active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback from accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is an essential ingredient of galaxy formation simulations. The orbital evolution of SMBHs is affected by dynamical friction that cannot be predicted self-consistently by contemporary simulations of galaxy formation in representative volumes. Instead, such simulations typically use a simple "repositioning" of SMBHs, but the effects of this approach on SMBH and galaxy properties have not yet been investigated systematically. Based on a suite of smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations with the SWIFT code and a Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton subgrid gas accretion model, we investigate the impact of repositioning on SMBH growth and on other baryonic components through AGN feedback. Across at least a factor ~1000 in mass resolution, SMBH repositioning (or an equivalent approach) is a necessary prerequisite for AGN feedback; without it, black hole growth is negligible. Limiting the effective repositioning speed to $\lesssim$ 10 km/s delays the onset of AGN feedback and severely limits its impact on stellar mass growth in the centre of massive galaxies. Repositioning has three direct physical consequences. It promotes SMBH mergers and thus accelerates their initial growth. In addition, it raises the peak density of the ambient gas and reduces the SMBH velocity relative to it, giving a combined boost to the accretion rate that can reach many orders of magnitude. Our results suggest that a more sophisticated and/or better calibrated treatment of SMBH repositioning is a critical step towards more predictive galaxy formation simulations.

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