量子场论方法中超级反冲效应的可观测性
Observability of the superkick effect within a quantum-field-theoretical approach
摘要：
放置在靠近轴的光学涡旋中的原子，在吸收光子时，可以获得比涡旋光场的任何平面波分量的横向动量大得多的横向动量。这种被称为超级反冲的惊人现象以前已经在经典处理的光涡旋场中的原子波包演化方面得到了澄清。在这里，我们在量子场论（QFT）框架内研究这种效应。我们考虑贝塞尔扭曲波与聚焦到小焦斑$σ$的紧凑高斯光束的碰撞，该小焦斑位于距扭曲光束轴$b$的距离处。通过精确的分析和数值计算支持的定性讨论，我们恢复的超级踢现象$σ\ll b$和探索其限制时，$σ$成为可比的$b$。在通往QFT处理的最终结果的道路上，我们遇到并解决了与形式主义的微妙问题相关的明显悖论。这些结果开辟了一条途径，以详细的量子场论探索最近提出的其他超踢相关的影响存在于高能碰撞。
英文摘要：
An atom placed in an optical vortex close to the axis may, upon absorbing a photon, acquire a transverse momentum much larger than the transverse momentum of any plane-wave component of the vortex lightfield. This surprising phenomenon dubbed superkick has been clarified previously in terms of the atom wave packet evolution in the field of an optical vortex treated classically. Here, we study this effect within the quantum field theoretical (QFT) framework. We consider collision of a Bessel twisted wave with a compact Gaussian beam focused to a small focal spot $σ$ located at distance $b$ from the twisted beam axis. Through a qualitative discussion supported by exact analytical and numerical calculations, we recover the superkick phenomenon for $σ\ll b$ and explore its limits when $σ$ becomes comparable to $b$. On the way to the final result within the QFT treatment, we encountered and resolved apparent paradoxes related to subtle issues of the formalism. These results open a way to a detailed QFT exploration of other superkick-related effects recently suggested to exist in high-energy collisions.
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