用于21世纪卫生和保健的多孔嵌段共聚物分离膜
Porous block copolymer separation membranes for 21st century sanitation and hygiene
摘要：
从水和空气中去除有害颗粒和大分子污染物以及尺寸从几纳米到100纳米范围的病毒对于确保不断增长的世界人口的足够卫生和个人卫生至关重要。为此，需要在操作条件下结合高渗透性、高选择性和足够的机械稳定性的高性能分离膜。然而，提高渗透性的分离膜的设计特征降低了选择性，反之亦然。结合了高渗透性和高选择性的膜构造又受到缺乏机械鲁棒性的影响。这些问题可以通过使用嵌段共聚物（BCP）作为用于分离膜设计的材料平台来解决。BCP是由两个或多个化学上不同的嵌段组成的大分子，其经历微相分离，产生大量有序的纳米级结构域结构。各种方法允许将这些纳米级域结构转化为具有在亚100 nm范围内的孔径和窄孔径分布的定制纳米孔系统。本教程综述总结了纳米多孔最先进的BCP分离膜的设计策略，它们的制备，它们的设备集成和它们用于水净化。
英文摘要：
Removing hazardous particulate and macromolecular contaminants as well as viruses with sizes from a few nm up to the 100-nm-range from water and air is crucial for ensuring sufficient sanitation and hygiene for a growing world population. To this end, high-performance separation membranes are needed that combine high permeance, high selectivity and sufficient mechanical stability under operating conditions. However, design features of separation membranes enhancing permeance reduce selectivity and vice versa. Membrane configurations combining high permeance and high selectivity suffer in turn from a lack of mechanical robustness. These problems may be tackled by using block copolymers (BCPs) as a material platform for the design of separation membranes. BCPs are macromolecules that consist of two or more chemically distinct block segments, which undergo microphase separation yielding a wealth of ordered nanoscopic domain structures. Various methods allow the transformation of these nanoscopic domain structures into customized nanopore systems with pore sizes in the sub-100-nm range and with narrow pore size distributions. This tutorial review summarizes design strategies for nanoporous state-of-the-art BCP separation membranes, their preparation, their device integration and their use for water purification.
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