One of the explanations for the recent EDGES-LOW band 21-cm measurements of a strong absorption signal around 80~MHz is the presence of an excess radio background to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Such excess can be produced by the decay of unstable particles into small mass dark photons which have a non-zero mixing angle with electromagnetism. We use the EDGES-LOW band measurements to derive joint constraints on the properties of the early galaxies and the parameters of such a particle physics model for the excess radio background. A Bayesian analysis shows that a high star formation efficiency and X-ray emission of $4-7 \times 10^{48} ~\rm erg$ per solar mass in stars are required along with a suppression of star formation in halos with virial temperatures $\lesssim 2\times 10^4$ K. The same analysis also suggests a 68 percent credible intervals for the mass of the decaying dark matter particles, it's lifetime, dark photon mass and the mixing angle of the dark and ordinary photon oscillation of $[10^{-3.5}, 10^{-2.4}]$ eV, $[10^{1.1}, 10^{2.7}]\times 13.8 ~\rm Gyr$, $[10^{-12.2}, 10^{-10}]$ eV and $[10^{-7}, 10^{-5.6}]$ respectively. This implies an excess radio background which is $\approx 5.7$ times stronger than the CMB around 80~MHz. This value is a factor $\sim 3$ higher than the previous predictions which used a simplified model for the 21-cm signal.
Structure Formation with Dark Magnetohydrodynamics
University of California Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校）；Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics（圣克鲁兹粒子物理研究所）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；Universität Heidelberg, Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für theoretische Astrophysik（海德堡大学天文学中心理论天体物理研究所）；Flatiron Institute（平顿研究所）；Princeton Center for Theoretical Science（普林斯顿理论科学中心）
Dark-matter halo mergers as a fertile environment for low-mass Population III star formation
虽然第三星族恒星通常被认为是大质量的，但当气体的冷却特别增强时，可能存在通往低质量Pop III恒星的路径。一个可能的途径是在暗物质晕合并过程中增强HD冷却。合并可以导致高电离度，催化HD分子的形成，并且可以将气体冷却到宇宙微波背景（CMB）温度。在本文中，我们调查合并的质量为几个10 $^5$ M $_\odot$的迷你晕，并探讨这种情况下的可行性。我们进行了三维宇宙流体动力学计算与ENZO代码，解决了热和化学演化的气体采用天体化学包KROME。我们的研究结果表明，HD的丰度增加了两个数量级相比，没有合并的情况下，晕冷却到$\sim$ 60 K触发碎裂。根据金斯的估计，预期的恒星质量约为10 M $_\odot$。我们的研究结果表明，合并的情况下是一个潜在的途径，形成低质量的恒星。
