全球远程工作的两极分化
The global polarisation of remote work
摘要：
新型冠状病毒疫情导致远程工作的兴起，对全球分工产生影响。远程工作可以连接劳动力市场，但也可能加剧空间极化。然而，我们对远程工作的地理位置的理解是有限的。具体而言，远程工作是将就业机会带到农村地区，还是集中在大城市，技能要求如何影响就业和工资的竞争？我们使用来自一个完全远程的劳动力市场（一个在线劳动力平台）的数据来表明，远程工作在三个维度上两极分化。首先，各国在全球范围内是分裂的：北美、欧洲和南亚的远程工作者吸引了大多数工作，而许多全球南方国家只参与了少量工作。其次，偏远地区的工作被拉到城市地区;农村地区落后。第三，远程工作在技能轴上两极分化：拥有需求技能的工人吸引了有利可图的工作，而其他人则面临激烈的竞争并获得低工资。研究结果表明，远程工作是由聚集力量形成的，这正在加深城乡之间的差距。为了使远程工作成为农村发展的有效工具，需要将其纳入地方技能建设和劳动力市场方案。
英文摘要：
The Covid-19 pandemic has led to the rise of remote work with consequences for the global division of work. Remote work could connect labour markets, but it could also increase spatial polarisation. However, our understanding of the geographies of remote work is limited. Specifically, does remote work bring jobs to rural areas or is it concentrating in large cities, and how do skill requirements affect competition for jobs and wages? We use data from a fully remote labour market - an online labour platform - to show that remote work is polarised along three dimensions. First, countries are globally divided: North American, European, and South Asian remote workers attract most jobs, while many Global South countries participate only marginally. Secondly, remote jobs are pulled to urban regions; rural areas fall behind. Thirdly, remote work is polarised along the skill axis: workers with in-demand skills attract profitable jobs, while others face intense competition and obtain low wages. The findings suggest that remote work is shaped by agglomerative forces, which are deepening the gap between urban and rural areas. To make remote work an effective tool for rural development, it needs to be embedded in local skill-building and labour market programmes.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
