未知环境下多出口人群疏散的领导者优化策略
Optimized leaders strategies for crowd evacuation in unknown environments with multiple exits
摘要：
在本章中，我们讨论了具有多个出口的未知环境中的行人出口的数学建模。我们调查不同的控制问题，以提高疏散时间的一群代理人，由少数知情的个人，命名的领导人。领导者是无法识别的，由两组组成：一组没有意识到的领导者自私地朝着一个固定的目标移动，而其余的是协调，以提高疏散时间引入不同的性能指标。跟随者-领导者的动力学最初描述微观的基于代理的模型，随后的平均场类型的模型被引入到近似的追随者的大群体。基于直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法，提出了一类有效求解介观尺度的数值方法。领导者策略的优化是由一个修改后的罗盘搜索法的精神，元启发式方法。最后，几个虚拟实验进行了研究，为各种控制设置和环境。
英文摘要：
In this chapter, we discuss the mathematical modeling of egressing pedestrians in an unknown environment with multiple exits. We investigate different control problems to enhance the evacuation time of a crowd of agents, by few informed individuals, named leaders. Leaders are not recognizable as such and consist of two groups: a set of unaware leaders moving selfishly toward a fixed target, whereas the rest is coordinated to improve the evacuation time introducing different performance measures. Follower-leader dynamics is initially described microscopically by an agent-based model, subsequently a mean-field type model is introduced to approximate the large crowd of followers. The mesoscopic scale is efficiently solved by a class of numerical schemes based on direct simulation Monte-Carlo methods. Optimization of leader strategies is performed by a modified compass search method in the spirit of metaheuristic approaches. Finally, several virtual experiments are studied for various control settings and environments.
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