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arXiv 2108.10885astro-ph.HEgr-qc
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大质量双星的不确定未来掩盖了LIGO/Virgo源的起源

The Uncertain Future of Massive Binaries Obscures the Origin of LIGO/Virgo Sources

K. Belczynski, A. Romagnolo, A. Olejak, J. Klencki, D. Chattopadhyay, S. Stevenson, M. Coleman Miller, J. -P. Lasota, P. A. Crowther

摘要:

LIGO/Virgo引力波观测站已经探测到50个BH-BH聚并。这个样本足够大,使得最近的几项研究得出结论,孤立的双星与致密的星团之间的分支比是双黑洞的起源。这也导致了一个令人兴奋的建议,即人口极有可能包含原始黑洞。在这里,我们证明,这样的结论还不能是强大的,因为大电流的不确定性在几个关键方面的二进制恒星演化。这些包括一个共同的信封的发展和生存,质量和角动量损失在二进制相互作用,混合在恒星内部,对不稳定性质量损失和超新星爆发。使用标准的工具,如人口合成代码StarTrack和COMPAS和详细的恒星演化代码MESA,我们研究作为一个案例研究Melnick 34,最大的已知双星系统的未来可能的演化。我们表明,尽管其众所周知的轨道结构,关于恒星和双星物理学的各种假设预测了各种各样的结果:从一个密切的BH-BH二进制(这将导致潜在的可检测的合并),通过一个广泛的BH-BH二进制(这可能是在微透镜观测中看到),或索恩-Zytkow对象,到两个对象的对不稳定性超新星的完全破坏。因此,由于大质量双星的未来本质上是不确定的,因此关于BH-BH系统性质的合理预测在此时具有高度挑战性。因此,对LIGO/Virgo BH-BH合并人口的形成渠道得出结论还为时过早。

英文摘要:

The LIGO/Virgo gravitational--wave observatories have detected 50 BH-BH coalescences. This sample is large enough to have allowed several recent studies to draw conclusions about the branching ratios between isolated binaries versus dense stellar clusters as the origin of double BHs. It has also led to the exciting suggestion that the population is highly likely to contain primordial black holes. Here we demonstrate that such conclusions cannot yet be robust, because of the large current uncertainties in several key aspects of binary stellar evolution. These include the development and survival of a common envelope, the mass and angular momentum loss during binary interactions, mixing in stellar interiors, pair-instability mass loss and supernova outbursts. Using standard tools such as the population synthesis codes StarTrack and COMPAS and the detailed stellar evolution code MESA, we examine as a case study the possible future evolution of Melnick 34, the most massive known binary star system. We show that, despite its well-known orbital architecture, various assumptions regarding stellar and binary physics predict a wide variety of outcomes: from a close BH-BH binary (which would lead to a potentially detectable coalescence), through a wide BH-BH binary (which might be seen in microlensing observations), or a Thorne-Zytkow object, to a complete disruption of both objects by pair-instability supernovae. Thus since the future of massive binaries is inherently uncertain, sound predictions about the properties of BH-BH systems are highly challenging at this time. Consequently, drawing conclusions about the formation channels for the LIGO/Virgo BH-BH merger population is premature.

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