信息和通信技术对弱势移民的自由和暴政：现状、差距和方向
The Liberalities and Tyrannies of ICTs for Vulnerable Migrants: The Status Quo, Gaps and Directions
摘要：
信息和通信技术（ICT）对流动人口越来越重要，包括全球因冲突、暴力和侵犯人权行为而流离失所的近8000万人。然而，关于信通技术与移民的现有研究几乎完全集中在移民“途中”或发达经济体内的信通技术使用，主要是从这些地区研究人员的角度进行的，非常零散，给理解研究的主要对象带来了困难。此外，信息和通信技术往往被誉为解放和可由移徙者理性自由裁量加以利用，尽管它们是一把“双刃剑”，特别是对弱势移徙者，包括被迫流离失所和被贩运的移徙者而言，具有重大风险、负担、压力和不平等挑战。为了解决这些局限性和照亮未来的方向，本文，首先，审查现有的研究相对于信息和通信技术的解放和专制的作用，特别是对弱势移民，从而阐明研究领域的关键问题。其次，它确定了未来研究的关键差距和机会。采用专门的方法，对1990-2020年期间出版的与信通技术和移徙/发展有关的广泛文献进行了调查，选出了157份出版物，对这些出版物的关键主题、涉及的主要技术以及采用的方法和理论/概念进行了严格的评价。此外，关键的见解，趋势，差距和未来的研究机会有关的现有和缺失的研究对象在信息通信技术和移民/发展的亮点。
英文摘要：
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have increasingly become vital for people on the move including the nearly 80 million displaced due to conflict, violence, and human right violations globally. However, existing research on ICTs and migrants, which almost entirely focused on migrants' ICT use 'en route' or within developed economies principally in the perspectives of researchers from these regions, is very fragmented posing a difficulty in understanding the key objects of research. Moreover, ICTs are often celebrated as liberating and exploitable at migrants' rational discretion even though they are 'double-edged swords' with significant risks, burdens, pressures and inequality challenges particularly for vulnerable migrants including those forcefully displaced and trafficked. Towards addressing these limitations and illuminating future directions, this paper, first, scrutinises the existing research vis-a-vis ICTs' liberating and authoritarian role particularly for vulnerable migrants whereby explicating key issues in the research domain. Second, it identifies key gaps and opportunities for future research. Using a tailored methodology, broad literature relating to ICTs and migration/development published in the period 1990-2020 was surveyed resulting in 157 selected publications which were critically appraised vis-a-vis the key themes, major technologies dealt with, and methodologies and theories/concepts adopted. Furthermore, key insights, trends, gaps, and future research opportunities pertaining to both the existing and missing objects of research in ICTs and migration/development are spotlighted.
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