高能相互作用的量子信息方法
Quantum information approach to high energy interactions
摘要：
高能强子相互作用通常用概率部分子模型来描述，该模型忽略了光锥波函数中存在的量子纠缠。在这里，我们认为，由于一个高能量的相互作用样本的强子波函数的瞬间快照，不同的福克态波函数的相位不能测量-因此，光锥密度矩阵必须跟踪这些不可观察的相位。用相应的$U(1)$ Haar积分测度执行该跟踪导致密度矩阵的“Haar置乱”，并导致纠缠熵的出现。这种纠缠熵由Fock态概率分布决定，因此与部分子结构函数直接相关。如前所述，在大快度$η$下，强子态变得最大纠缠，根据QCD演化方程，纠缠熵为$S_E \sim η$。当福克态分量的相位被控制时，例如在自旋不对称测量中，哈尔平均不能被执行，并且概率部分子描述被破坏。
英文摘要：
High energy hadron interactions are commonly described by using a probabilistic parton model that ignores quantum entanglement present in the light-cone wave functions. Here we argue that since a high energy interaction samples an instant snapshot of the hadron wave function, the phases of different Fock state wave functions cannot be measured - therefore the light-cone density matrix has to be traced over these unobservable phases. Performing this trace with the corresponding $U(1)$ Haar integration measure leads to "Haar scrambling" of the density matrix, and to the emergence of entanglement entropy. This entanglement entropy is determined by the Fock state probability distribution, and is thus directly related to the parton structure functions. As proposed earlier, at large rapidity $η$ the hadron state becomes maximally entangled, and the entanglement entropy is $S_E \sim η$ according to QCD evolution equations. When the phases of Fock state components are controlled, for example in spin asymmetry measurements, the Haar average cannot be performed, and the probabilistic parton description breaks down.
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