用量子信息技术检验$t^3$引力相位的等效性和时空离散性
Testing the equivalence principle and discreteness of spacetime through the $t^3$ gravitational phase with quantum information technology
摘要：
基于当今的量子信息技术，我们提出了一个新的思想实验，通过揭示引力$t^3$相位项及其与低能量子引力现象之间的预期关系，通过玻色-马列托-韦德拉尔（BMV）效应测量量子引力效应，并检验广义相对论的等效性原理.本文提出的方法有望从量子系统测量过程理想输出的随机噪声分析中揭示引力场涨落。为了提高灵敏度，我们建议累积的引力场波动在时间上的一系列独立的测量作用于粒子的纠缠态的输出的影响，像在量子密钥的建设，并提取从相关的时间序列的预期的引力场波动的影响。事实上，一个理想的量子密钥，通过共享粒子的最大纠缠态来构建，由不相关符号的随机序列表示，数学上由完美白噪声描述，这是一个具有零均值的随机过程，并且在不同时间的值之间没有相关性。包括量子引力涨落和引力波在内的引力场扰动引入了额外的相位项，这些相位项使用于构建量子密码密钥的纠缠对退相干，结果使白噪声着色。我们发现，这种设置，建立了大量的介观粒子，可以潜在地揭示$t^3$引力相位项，从而，BMV效应。
英文摘要：
We propose a new thought experiment, based on present-day Quantum Information Technologies, to measure quantum gravitational effects through the Bose-Marletto-Vedral (BMV) effect by revealing the gravitational $t^3$ phase term, its expected relationships with low-energy quantum gravity phenomena and test the equivalence principle of general relativity. The technique here proposed promise to reveal gravitational field fluctuations from the analysis of the stochastic noise associated to an ideal output of a measurement process of a quantum system. To improve the sensitivity we propose to cumulate the effects of the gravitational field fluctuations in time on the outputs of a series of independent measurements acted on entangled states of particles, like in the building of a quantum cryptographic key, and extract from the associated time series the effect of the expected gravitational field fluctuations. In fact, an ideal quantum cryptographic key, built with the sharing of maximally entangled states of particles, is represented by a random sequence of uncorrelated symbols mathematically described by a perfect white noise, a stochastic process with zero mean and without correlation between its values taken at different times. Gravitational field perturbations, including quantum gravity fluctuations and gravitational waves, introduce additional phase terms that decohere the entangled pairs used to build the quantum cryptographic key, with the result of coloring the white noise. We find that this setup, built with massive mesoscopic particles, can potentially reveal the $t^3$ gravitational phase term and thus, the BMV effect.
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