波长级光学涡旋结的测量
Measurement of a wavelength sized optical vortex knot
摘要：
在过去的十年中，光学涡旋结的轴向尺寸的顺序上的$10^2-10^5$波长（$λ$）已在实验室中实施。然而，许多潜在的应用需要将这些结的尺寸急剧减小到$λ$的数量级。在这项工作中，我们展示了第一次测量的光学涡旋结（三叶）的$1.99\, λ$的轴向长度包含在一个体积（$x\times y\times z$）的$1.90\times 2.19\times 1.99 \, λ^3$。在聚焦之前，激光是线性偏振的（$x$，水平），并且我们观察到紧聚焦场的主导$x$偏振分量中的结。我们还观察到的三叶结的过渡到一对夫妇的涡环通过重新连接的涡线，因为我们改变了空间尺度的角度谱表示的字段。
英文摘要：
In the past decade, optical vortex knots with axial dimensions on the order of $10^2-10^5$ wavelengths ($λ$) have been implemented in the laboratory. However, many potential applications require a drastic reduction on the the size of these knots to the order of $λ$. In this work, we show the first measurement of an optical vortex knot (trefoil) with an axial length of $1.99\, λ$ contained within a volume ($x\times y\times z$) of $1.90\times 2.19\times 1.99 \, λ^3$. Prior to focusing, the laser light is linearly polarized ($x$, horizontal) and we observe the knot in the dominant $x$ polarization component of the tightly focused field. We also observe the transition of the trefoil knot to a couple of vortex loops via reconnection of the vortex lines as we change the spatial scale of the angular spectrum representation of the field.
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