CUORE开启吨级低温实验之门
CUORE Opens the Door to Tonne-scale Cryogenics Experiments
摘要：
在过去的几十年里，低温粒子探测器的设计和运行取得了重大进展。该技术提供了非常好的能量分辨率-与半导体探测器相当-以及广泛的目标材料选择，使低温量热探测器成为各种粒子物理应用的理想选择。稀有事件的搜索仍然需要更大的曝光量，这促使他们使用更大的低温探测器，CUORE实验是第一个达到吨级，mK冷却的实验质量。CUORE旨在寻找无中微子双β衰变，自2017年以来一直在约10 mK的温度下运行。这一结果是通过使用前所未有的大型低温基础设施实现的，称为CUORE低温恒温器：为此目的而构思，设计和委托。本文着重介绍了为CUORE实验研制的低温装置的主要特点和特点。简要介绍了该领域的发展和过去的低温设施。CUORE低温设施的设计和开发背后的动机是详细的实现，调试和操作的CUORE低温恒温器所采取的步骤。通过合作克服的主要挑战和在整个低温设施建设中实施的解决方案将与未来设施的潜在改进一起讨论。CUORE的成功为众多科学领域的新一代大型低温设施打开了大门。CUORE合作在从中微子和暗物质实验到量子计算的各个领域的未来低温设施上取得的令人难以置信的成就的更广泛的影响将被研究。
英文摘要：
The past few decades have seen major developments in the design and operation of cryogenic particle detectors. This technology offers an extremely good energy resolution - comparable to semiconductor detectors - and a wide choice of target materials, making low temperature calorimetric detectors ideal for a variety of particle physics applications. Rare event searches have continued to require ever greater exposures, which has driven them to ever larger cryogenic detectors, with the CUORE experiment being the first to reach a tonne-scale, mK-cooled, experimental mass. CUORE, designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay, has been operational since 2017 at a temperature of about 10 mK. This result has been attained by the use of an unprecedentedly large cryogenic infrastructure called the CUORE cryostat: conceived, designed and commissioned for this purpose. In this article the main characteristics and features of the cryogenic facility developed for the CUORE experiment are highlighted. A brief introduction of the evolution of the field and of the past cryogenic facilities are given. The motivation behind the design and development of the CUORE cryogenic facility is detailed as are the steps taken toward realization, commissioning, and operation of the CUORE cryostat. The major challenges overcome by the collaboration and the solutions implemented throughout the building of the cryogenic facility will be discussed along with the potential improvements for future facilities. The success of CUORE has opened the door to a new generation of large-scale cryogenic facilities in numerous fields of science. Broader implications of the incredible feat achieved by the CUORE collaboration on the future cryogenic facilities in various fields ranging from neutrino and dark matter experiments to quantum computing will be examined.
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