载于《牛津AI治理手册》：工人在AI伦理与治理中的角色
In Oxford Handbook on AI Governance: The Role of Workers in AI Ethics and Governance
AI总结：
本章通过构建包含识别、治理决策与响应的危害报告模型，分析工人凭借从属、劳动产品控制和系统近端知识提出管辖权主张，阐明其在AI伦理治理中识别与缓解危害的独特作用。
摘要：
尽管国家、企业和国际组织在AI治理中的作用已得到大量理论化探讨，但工人的作用相对而言受到的关注较少。本章考察工人在识别和缓解AI技术危害方面所发挥的作用。危害是经过因果评估的技术影响。即使技术具备可靠性，危害仍会出现；它们并非技术疏忽所致，而是源于复杂社会系统中围绕安全与公平问题的规范性不确定性。AI伦理界对减少危害的益处具有高度共识，但对于确定或应对危害的机制共识较少。这种共识缺失已引发多起工人集体行动，抗议其工作场所中识别和处理危害的方式。我们对工人在AI治理中的角色进行理论化，并构建了一个AI工作场所中危害报告流程的模型。危害报告流程包括三个步骤：识别、治理决策和响应。工人借助三类主张来争取对AI治理问题的管辖权：从属关系、对劳动产品的控制，以及对系统的近端知识。考察过去十年与AI相关的工人行动主义，使我们能够理解不同类型的工人在生产AI系统的工作场所中处于何种位置、他们的位置如何影响其主张，以及集体行动在提出这些主张时的地位。本章认为，工人在识别和缓解AI系统所造成危害方面占据着独特角色。
英文摘要：
While the role of states, corporations, and international organizations in AI governance has been extensively theorized, the role of workers has received comparatively little attention. This chapter looks at the role that workers play in identifying and mitigating harms from AI technologies. Harms are the causally assessed impacts of technologies. They arise despite technical reliability and are not a result of technical negligence but rather of normative uncertainty around questions of safety and fairness in complex social systems. There is high consensus in the AI ethics community on the benefits of reducing harms but less consensus on mechanisms for determining or addressing harms. This lack of consensus has resulted in a number of collective actions by workers protesting how harms are identified and addressed in their workplace. We theorize the role of workers within AI governance and construct a model of harm reporting processes in AI workplaces. The harm reporting process involves three steps, identification, the governance decision, and the response. Workers draw upon three types of claims to argue for jurisdiction over questions of AI governance, subjection, control over the product of labor, and proximate knowledge of systems. Examining the past decade of AI related worker activism allows us to understand how different types of workers are positioned within a workplace that produces AI systems, how their position informs their claims, and the place of collective action in staking their claims. This chapter argues that workers occupy a unique role in identifying and mitigating harms caused by AI systems.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
