Scratch程序中性别差异和相似性的数据驱动分析
Data-driven Analysis of Gender Differences and Similarities in Scratch Programs
摘要：
基于块的编程环境（如Scratch）是计算机科学的一个重要切入点。为了创造一个有效的学习环境，有可能解决计算机科学中的性别不平衡问题，必须更好地了解儿童在使用这种编程环境方面的性别差异。在本文中，我们沿着两个维度探索Scratch程序中的性别差异和相似性：为了了解是什么促使女孩和男孩使用Scratch，我们首次使用无监督机器学习对Scratch程序进行主题分析，使用了由8-10年的女孩和男孩创建的317个程序的数据集。为了了解他们是如何为这些主题编程的，我们对这些项目中实现的代码应用了自动化的程序分析。我们发现，与常见的刻板印象一致，女孩更喜欢围绕独角兽、庆祝、舞蹈和音乐的话题，而男孩倾向于喜欢蝙蝠和食尸鬼的阴郁话题，或者足球或篮球等竞争性话题。女孩更喜欢动画和故事，从而产生更简单的控制结构，而男孩创建更多循环和条件语句的游戏，从而产生更复杂的程序。考虑这些差异有助于提高学习成果和由此产生的与计算相关的自我概念，这是培养对计算机科学长期兴趣的先决条件。
英文摘要：
Block-based programming environments such as Scratch are an essential entry point to computer science. In order to create an effective learning environment that has the potential to address the gender imbalance in computer science, it is essential to better understand gender-specific differences in how children use such programming environments. In this paper, we explore gender differences and similarities in Scratch programs along two dimensions: In order to understand what motivates girls and boys to use Scratch, we apply a topic analysis using unsupervised machine learning for the first time on Scratch programs, using a dataset of 317 programs created by girls and boys in the range of 8-10 years. In order to understand how they program for these topics, we apply automated program analysis on the code implemented in these projects. We find that, in-line with common stereotypes, girls prefer topics that revolve around unicorns, celebrating, dancing and music, while boys tend to prefer gloomy topics with bats and ghouls, or competitive ones such as soccer or basketball. Girls prefer animations and stories, resulting in simpler control structures, while boys create games with more loops and conditional statements, resulting in more complex programs. Considering these differences can help to improve the learning outcomes and the resulting computing-related self-concepts, which are prerequisites for developing a longer-term interest in computer science.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
