罗蒙诺索夫卫星上TUS实验的主要结果
Main results of the TUS experiment on board the Lomonosov satellite
摘要：
TUS探测器是第一个旨在测量超高能宇宙射线的天基飞行任务。探测器的设计是为了记录地球夜间大气中在300-400纳米紫外线范围内形成的大范围空气簇射的荧光信号。TUS于2016年4月在罗蒙诺索夫卫星上发射，并运行至2017年12月。在任务期间记录了近9万个事件，其中包括闪电放电，流星，瞬态发光事件，极光和人为信号。在远离可能的人造光源的晴朗天空中，也记录了一些令人困惑的明亮紫外线闪光。除此之外，在TUS数据库中还发现了一些EAS候选者。到目前为止分析的大多数候选者都是在机场附近的人口稠密地区或类似物体上方记录的，如果它们是由UHECR产生的，则信号的能量至少相当于1 ZeV，这不允许将这些事件视为UHECR。我们简要介绍了TUS实验的主要结果，并讨论了其对未来轨道任务发展的重要性。
英文摘要：
The TUS detector was the first space-based mission aimed for ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) measurements. The detector was designed to register the fluorescent signal of extensive air showers (EAS) developing in the night atmosphere of Earth in the UV range of 300-400 nm. TUS was launched on board the Lomonosov satellite in April, 2016 and operated till December, 2017. Almost 90 thousand events were recorded during the mission, among them lightning discharges, meteors, transient luminous events, polar lights and anthropogenic signals. Some puzzling bright UV flashes in a clear sky far from possible artificial sources were also registered. Besides this, a number of EAS candidates were found in the TUS database. The majority of candidates analysed so far were recorded above populated areas near airports or similar objects, and the energy of the signals corresponds to at least 1 ZeV if they were generated by an UHECR, which does not allow one to consider these events as UHECRs. We briefly present the main results of the TUS experiment and discuss its importance for the development of the future orbital missions.
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