Mithril：利用托管更新对商品DRAM进行协同行锤保护
Mithril: Cooperative Row Hammer Protection on Commodity DRAM Leveraging Managed Refresh
摘要：
自2010年代中期公开引入以来，排锤（RH）现象由于其安全影响而引起了研究界的极大关注。虽然处理器厂商、DRAM制造商和学术界已经提出了许多RH保护方案，但它们仍然存在缺点。在存储器控制器（MC）中实现的解决方案由于其在要支持的DRAM组的数量和RH阈值方面针对最坏情况的保守设计而招致越来越高的成本。同时，DRAM侧的实现要么具有用于RH保护措施的有限时间裕度，要么需要对标准DRAM接口进行大量修改。最近，在DDR5/LPDDR 5标准中引入了用于RH保护的新命令，称为刷新管理（RFM）。RFM使RH保护的任务分离到MC和DRAM，通过使前者以特定的激活频率生成RFM命令，而后者在给定的时间窗口内采取适当的RH保护措施。虽然有前途，没有现有的研究提出和分析基于RFM的RH保护的解决方案。在本文中，我们提出了Mithril，第一RFM接口兼容，DRAM MC合作RH保护方案提供确定性的保护保证。Mithril对于没有对抗性内存访问模式的常见用例具有最小的能量开销。我们还介绍了Mithril+，这是一个可选的扩展，可以在利用现有DRAM命令的同时，以微小的修改MC为代价，提供最小的性能开销。
英文摘要：
Since its public introduction in the mid-2010s, the Row Hammer (RH) phenomenon has drawn significant attention from the research community due to its security implications. Although many RH-protection schemes have been proposed by processor vendors, DRAM manufacturers, and academia, they still have shortcomings. Solutions implemented in the memory controller (MC) incur increasingly higher costs due to their conservative design for the worst case in terms of the number of DRAM banks and RH threshold to support. Meanwhile, DRAM-side implementation either has a limited time margin for RH-protection measures or requires extensive modifications to the standard DRAM interface. Recently, a new command for RH-protection has been introduced in the DDR5/LPDDR5 standards, referred to as refresh management (RFM). RFM enables the separation of the tasks for RHprotection to both MC and DRAM by having the former generate an RFM command at a specific activation frequency and the latter take proper RH-protection measures within a given time window. Although promising, no existing study presents and analyzes RFM-based solutions for RH-protection. In this paper, we propose Mithril, the first RFM interfacecompatible, DRAM-MC cooperative RH-protection scheme providing deterministic protection guarantees. Mithril has minimal energy overheads for common use cases without adversarial memory access patterns. We also introduce Mithril+, an optional extension to provide minimal performance overheads at the expense of a tiny modification to the MC, while utilizing existing DRAM commands.
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