薛定谔方程的性质--量子物理部分I
The Nature of Schrodinger Equation -- On Quantum Physics Part I
摘要：
我们认为薛定谔方程是应用经典波动方程描述亚原子粒子作随机运动的物理系统的结果，从而导致了量子力学。波函数所描述的物理实在是亚原子粒子的随机运动。因此，量子力学的性质具有双重性，一是从经典物理学继承下来的确定性，二是粒子的随机运动所创造的概率性。基于这个模型，量子力学中几乎所有的悬而未决的问题，包括粒子波对偶性、量子叠加原理、双缝实验的干涉图样、经典世界与量子世界的边界等，都能得到一致的解释。当前的量子力学是矩阵力学和波动力学的混合体，它们在原理上存在着尖锐的冲突。矩阵力学将量子粒子视为经典粒子，粒子的位置和动量之间存在固定关系。矩阵力学实际上属于旧的量子理论。玻恩非对易关系和海森堡测不准关系都起源于矩阵力学。但在波动力学中，粒子的位置和动量之间没有任何固定的关系，粒子的位置和动量都属于不可测的物理量。因此，在波动力学中不需要非对易关系和测不准关系。
英文摘要：
We propose that the Schrodinger equation results from applying the classical wave equation to describe the physical system in which subatomic particles play random motion, thereby leading to quantum mechanics. The physical reality described by the wave function is subatomic particle moving randomly. Therefore, the characteristics of quantum mechanics have a dual nature, one of them is the deterministic nature carried on from classical physics, and the other is the probabilistic nature coined by particle's random motion. Based on this model, almost all of open questions in quantum mechanics can be explained consistently, which include the particle-wave duality, the principle of quantum superposition, the interference pattern of double-slit experiments, and the boundary between the classical world and the quantum world. The current quantum mechanics is a mixture of matrix mechanics and wave mechanics, which are sharply conflicting in principle. Matrix mechanics treats quantum particles as classical particles with fixed relation between the particle's position and its momentum. The matrix mechanics, in fact, belongs to the old quantum theory. Both Born's non-commutative relation and Heisenberg uncertainty relation originate from matrix mechanics. However, in wave mechanics, there is no any fixed relation between the particle's position and its momentum, and the particle's position and its momentum belong to immeasurable physical quantities. Therefore, there is no need for non-commutative relation and uncertainty relation in wave mechanics.
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