抗菌活性的协同试验：对部分抑制浓度（棋盘法）和倍数面积增加（圆盘扩散法）之间一致性的研究
Synergy Test for Antibacterial Activity: Towards the Research for a Consensus between the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (Checkboard Method) and the Increase in Fold Area (Disc Diffusion Method)
摘要：
抗生素耐药性是人类和动物的一个局部问题，二十年来一直是特别监测的主题。最近的几项研究，包括我们的研究，表明这种现象是由于某些遗传因素的转移和交叉耐药性的获得而加剧的，后者或两者都是由于滥用这些抗菌药物造成的。更谨慎地使用抗菌剂，寻找新的抗菌化合物（包括益生菌和益生菌）是克服这种情况的最推荐的替代品。然而，测试抗菌活性的调节也可以发挥重要作用。协同作用研究的主要目标是评估具有抗菌特性的物质是否可以提高现有抗菌剂的有效性，或赋予它们对抗耐药细菌的第二次生命。此外，最近的研究表明，银纳米颗粒和某些植物提取物能够提高某些抗生素的有效性。如氨苄青霉素、苄青霉素、头孢唑啉、环丙沙星、呋喃妥因和卡那霉素。然而，从这些研究中，我们发现，当使用纸片法测定折叠面积增加时，结果的解释存在严重问题。实际上，使用这种方法首先需要确定单独抗生素的抑制直径;然后确定抗生素+调节物质（MS）或提取物的组合。
英文摘要：
Antibiotic resistance is a topical problem for both humans and animals and has been the subject of special monitoring for two decades. Several recent studies, including ours, have shown that this phenomenon is accentuated by the transfer of certain genetic elements and cross resistance acquisition, the latter or both resulting from the misuse of these antimicrobial drugs. A more careful use of antimicrobials, the search for new antibacterial compounds (including probiotics and phages) are the most recommended alternatives to overcome this situation. However, tests for modulations of antimicrobial activity can also play a major role. The main goal of synergy studies is to assess whether substances with antibacterial properties can improve the effectiveness of existing antimicrobials or give them a second life against resistant germs. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated the ability of silver nanoparticles and extracts of certain plants to boost the effectiveness of certain antibiotics. such as ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, cefazolin, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and kanamycin. Yet, from these studies we found that there was a serious problem with the interpretation of the results when using the disk method with determination of the increase in fold area. Indeed, the use of this method firstly requires the determination of the diameter of inhibition of the antibiotic alone; follow by the determination of the combination of antibiotic + modulating substance (MS) or extract.....
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