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arXiv 2108.04642astro-ph.IM
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用于空气簇射探测的自触发天线簇效率估计

Efficiency estimation of self-triggered antenna clusters for air-shower detection

P. Bezyazeekov, O. Fedorov, Y. Kazarina, O. Kopylova, D. Kostunin, V. Lenok, S. Malakhov

摘要:

空气簇射无线电阵列在低信噪比条件下工作,这使得在不使用来自光学或闪烁体探测器的外部触发的情况下自主测量空气簇射信号变得复杂。无线电检测器的简单阈值触发器仅可有效地应用于无线电静默条件,因为对于其他情况,该触发器检测到高比例的噪声脉冲。在目前的工作中,我们研究了独立的空气簇射检测密集的天线簇与一个复杂的实时触发系统的方面。为了选择最佳的实时分析程序,我们研究了触发效率,计数率,探测器硬件和几何之间的依赖关系。在这项研究中,我们开发了一个框架,用于测试各种规格的阵列的信号检测和噪声过滤的各种方法,以及这些方法的硬件实现基于现场可编程门阵列。该框架为检测信号的站级和集群级步骤的管理提供了灵活的设置,针对实时处理的硬件实现进行了优化。它包括用于初始配置的数据处理工具和对预先记录的数据进行测试的工具、用于配置触发器结构的工具以及用于在宇宙射线能量和空气簇射脉冲幅度的给定阈值下初步估计触发器效率的工具。我们展示了这个框架开发的触发管道的例子,并讨论了模拟数据的测试结果。

英文摘要:

Air-shower radio arrays operate in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, which complicates the autonomous measurement of air-shower signals without using an external trigger from optical or scintillator detectors. A simple threshold trigger for radio detector can be efficiently applied onlyin radio-quiet conditions, because for other cases this trigger detects a high fraction of noise pulses. In the present work, we study aspects of independent air-shower detection by dense antenna clusters with a complex real-time trigger system. For choosing the optimal procedures for the real-time analysis, we study the dependence between trigger efficiency, count rate, detector hardware and geometry. For this study, we develop a framework for testing various methods of signal detection and noise filtration for arrays with various specifications and the hardware implementation of these methods based on field programmable gate arrays. The framework provides flexible settings for the management of station-level and cluster-level steps of detecting the signal, optimized for the hardware implementation for real-time processing. It includes data-processing tools for the initialconfiguration and tests on pre-recorded data, tools for configuring the trigger architecture andtools for preliminary estimates of the trigger efficiency at given thresholds of cosmic-ray energyand air-shower pulse amplitude. We show examples of the trigger pipeline developed with this framework and discuss the results of tests on simulated data.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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