沿Cabauw桅杆使用高分辨率温度传感器进行的Internal wave和turbulence观测
Internal wave and turbulence observations with very high-resolution temperature sensors along the Cabauw mast
摘要：
了解大气边界层的特性对于理解特别是由湍流运动驱动的空气和悬浮物的再分布是至关重要的。尽管有许多模拟研究，仍然需要详细的观察，在稳定和不稳定的条件下的湍流交换的发展。在本文中，我们提出了一个尝试，观测描述大气内波及其相关的湍流涡旋的细节，在不同的稳定条件。因此，我们在200米长的电缆上安装了198个高分辨率温度T传感器，间距为1米。2017年夏末，这条装有仪器的电缆沿着荷兰Cabauw 213米高的气象桅杆连接。桅杆在6个高度的可伸缩吊杆处装有标准气象设备。声波风速计位于离地面60米处。T传感器在空气中的时间常数为τ = 3 s，表观漂移约为0.1 ℃/mo。此外，由于辐射效应，短期测量不稳定性在夜间为0.05摄氏度/小时，在白天为0.5摄氏度/小时。由于最大一个数量级的相对较窄的惯性子范围，这些T传感器特性妨碍了对大气湍流的定量研究。然而，高度-时间图像从两个对比的夜晚显示内波的浮力约300秒，和剪切和对流变形的分层在整个197米的观测范围内，夜间边缘稳定分层的支持。中等风速导致20米高对流穿过较弱层结，弱风速导致<10米高切变不稳定穿过较大层结。
英文摘要：
Knowledge about the characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer is vital for the understanding of redistribution of air and suspended contents that are particularly driven by turbulent motions. Despite many modelling studies, detailed observations are still demanded of the development of turbulent exchange under stable and unstable conditions. In this paper, we present an attempt to observationally describe atmospheric internal waves and their associated turbulent eddies in detail, under varying stable conditions. Therefore, we mounted 198 high-resolution temperature T-sensors with 1-m spacing on a 200-m long cable. The instrumented cable was attached along the 213 m tall meteorological mast of Cabauw, the Netherlands, during late-summer 2017. The mast has standard meteorological equipment at extendable booms at 6 levels in height. A sonic anemometer is at 60 m above ground. The T-sensors have a time constant in air of tau = 3 s and an apparent drift about 0.1 degC/mo. Also due to radiation effects, short-term measurement instability is 0.05 degC/h during nighttime and 0.5 degC/h during daytime. These T-sensor characteristics hamper quantitative atmospheric turbulence research, due to a relatively narrow inertial subrange of maximum one order of magnitude. Nevertheless, height-time images from two contrasting nights show internal waves up to the buoyancy period of about 300 s, and shear and convective deformation of the stratification over the entire 197 m range of observations, supported by nocturnal marginally stable stratification. Moderate winds lead to 20-m tall convection across weaker stratification, weak winds to episodic <10-m tall shear instability across larger stratification.
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