超冷镧系元素相互作用和控制的新机会
New opportunites for interactions and control with ultracold lanthanides
摘要：
镧系元素原子有一种不寻常的电子结构，具有部分填充的$f$轨道壳层。这导致了一组特征性质，使增强控制超冷原子和它们的相互作用：大量的光学跃迁与广泛变化的波长和跃迁强度，各向异性的相互作用性质之间的原子和光，和一个大的磁矩和自旋空间中存在的基态。这些功能反过来又使应用范围从窄线激光冷却和自旋操纵蒸发冷却通过通用偶极散射，以观察一个rotonic色散关系，自我约束的液体状液滴稳定的量子波动，和超固态。在这篇简短的评论中，我们描述了镧系元素原子的不寻常的能级结构如何导致这些关键特征，并提供了一个简短的和必要的部分概述在这个快速发展的领域的实验进展。
英文摘要：
Lanthanide atoms have an unusual electron configuration, with a partially filled shell of $f$ orbitals. This leads to a set of characteristic properties that enable enhanced control over ultracold atoms and their interactions: large numbers of optical transitions with widely varying wavelengths and transition strengths, anisotropic interaction properties between atoms and with light, and a large magnetic moment and spin space present in the ground state. These features in turn enable applications ranging from narrow-line laser cooling and spin manipulation to evaporative cooling through universal dipolar scattering, to the observation of a rotonic dispersion relation, self-bound liquid-like droplets stabilized by quantum fluctuations, and supersolid states. In this short review, we describe how the unusual level structure of lanthanide atoms leads to these key features, and provide a brief and necessarily partial overview of experimental progress in this rapidly developing field.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
