生物防御和行星健康全球核酸观测站
A Global Nucleic Acid Observatory for Biodefense and Planetary Health
摘要：
大流行性病毒和入侵物种的传播对人类社会和自然生态系统可能是灾难性的。SARS-CoV-2表明，我们的反应速度至关重要，因为每延迟一天，病毒就会呈指数级增长和扩散。在这里，我们提出了一个全球核酸观测站（NAO），通过对水道和废水进行全面的宏基因组测序来监测所有生物的相对频率。通过在世界各地的地点寻找与历史基线频率的差异，NAO可以检测到任何病毒或入侵生物，这些病毒或入侵生物的核酸最终会进入水中，甚至是那些以前未知的科学。持续监测核酸多样性将为我们提供普遍的早期预警，发现微妙的生物武器，并产生丰富的序列数据，足以改变生态学，微生物学和保护。我们呼吁立即建立一个全球NAO，以保护和照亮地球的健康。
英文摘要：
The spread of pandemic viruses and invasive species can be catastrophic for human societies and natural ecosystems. SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated that the speed of our response is critical, as each day of delay permitted exponential growth and dispersion of the virus. Here we propose a global Nucleic Acid Observatory (NAO) to monitor the relative frequency of everything biological through comprehensive metagenomic sequencing of waterways and wastewater. By searching for divergences from historical baseline frequencies at sites throughout the world, NAO could detect any virus or invasive organism undergoing exponential growth whose nucleic acids end up in the water, even those previously unknown to science. Continuously monitoring nucleic acid diversity would provide us with universal early warning, obviate subtle bioweapons, and generate a wealth of sequence data sufficient to transform ecology, microbiology, and conservation. We call for the immediate construction of a global NAO to defend and illuminate planetary health.
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