用简化的局域赝生成元稳定格点规范理论
Stabilizing lattice gauge theories through simplified local pseudo generators
摘要：
自然界中规范不变性的假设并不直接适用于格点规范理论在量子合成物质的现代设置中的实现。在这种装置中，非均匀的规范破坏误差要求规范不变性被强制用于规范理论物理学的忠实量子模拟。这带来了重大的实验挑战，在很大程度上是由于规范对称发电机的复杂性。在这里，我们表明，规范的不变性可以可靠地稳定，采用简化的\textit{local pseudogenerators}设计，使其在物理部门，他们的行为完全相同的实际本地发电机。动态地，它们产生涌现的确切规范理论的时间尺度多项式，甚至指数的保护强度。这消除了实现通常复杂的多体全规范对称性的需要，从而进一步减少了物理实现中的实验开销。我们展示了我们的方法在$\mathbb{Z}_2$格点规范理论，并讨论其实现在现代超冷原子设置的实验考虑。
英文摘要：
The postulate of gauge invariance in nature does not lend itself directly to implementations of lattice gauge theories in modern setups of quantum synthetic matter. Unavoidable gauge-breaking errors in such devices require gauge invariance to be enforced for faithful quantum simulation of gauge-theory physics. This poses major experimental challenges, in large part due to the complexity of the gauge-symmetry generators. Here, we show that gauge invariance can be reliably stabilized by employing simplified \textit{local pseudogenerators} designed such that within the physical sector they act identically to the actual local generator. Dynamically, they give rise to emergent exact gauge theories up to timescales polynomial and even exponential in the protection strength. This obviates the need for implementing often complex multi-body full gauge symmetries, thereby further reducing experimental overhead in physical realizations. We showcase our method in the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory, and discuss experimental considerations for its realization in modern ultracold-atom setups.
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