数据中心如何加入智能电网以应对气候危机？利用模拟探索直接参与能源市场的电力和成本效应
How Can Datacenters Join the Smart Grid to Address the Climate Crisis? Using simulation to explore power and cost effects of direct participation in the energy market
摘要：
在气候危机中，可再生能源的大量引入给电网及其周边市场带来了巨大的挑战。随着能源中心变得越来越大，越来越强大，它们在能源领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。由于其独特的特性，整流器已被证明非常适合于调节电网，但目前几乎没有提供这种主动响应。这个问题是由于诸如市场设计的不适合性、当前提出的解决方案的高度复杂性以及其潜在风险等问题。这项工作的目的是为个人能源企业提供有关直接参与能源市场的可行性和盈利能力的见解。通过对数据中心的电力系统进行建模，并对真实世界的数据中心痕迹进行模拟，我们证明了个人数据中心直接参与前一天和平衡市场的巨大经济激励。反过来，我们建议一个新的短期的，直接的市场参与计划，为个人零售商，以取代目前的长期，不活跃的参与。此外，我们开发了一种新的主动DVFS调度算法，既可以减少能源消耗，节省能源成本的市场参与的制造商。此外，在开发这个调度器，我们提出了一个创新的组合机器学习方法和DVFS技术，可以提供电网的间接需求响应（DR）。我们的实验结果强烈支持，个人发电商可以而且应该直接参与能源市场，以节省他们的能源成本和抑制他们的能源消耗，同时为电网提供间接DR。
英文摘要：
Amidst the climate crisis, the massive introduction of renewable energy sources has brought tremendous challenges to both the power grid and its surrounding markets. As datacenters have become ever-larger and more powerful, they play an increasingly significant role in the energy arena. With their unique characteristics, datacenters have been proved to be well-suited for regulating the power grid yet currently provide little, if any, such active response. This problem is due to issues such as unsuitability of the market design, high complexity of the currently proposed solutions, as well as the potential risks thereof. This work aims to provide individual datacenters with insights on the feasibility and profitability of directly participating in the energy market. By modelling the power system of datacenters, and by conducting simulations on real-world datacenter traces, we demonstrate the substantial financial incentive for individual datacenters to directly participate in both the day-ahead and the balancing markets. In turn, we suggest a new short-term, direct scheme of market participation for individual datacenters in place of the current long-term, inactive participation. Furthermore, we develop a novel proactive DVFS scheduling algorithm that can both reduce energy consumption and save energy costs during the market participation of datacenters. Also, in developing this scheduler, we propose an innovative combination of machine learning methods and the DVFS technology that can provide the power grid with indirect demand response (DR). Our experimental results strongly support that individual datacenters can and should directly participate in the energy market both to save their energy costs and to curb their energy consumption, whilst providing the power grid with indirect DR.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
