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arXiv 2108.01707cond-mat.soft
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压力驱动膜过程中痕量离子浓差极化的简化

Simplifying concentration-polarization of trace-ions in pressure-driven membrane processes

Yaeli S. Oren, Viatcheslav Freger, Oded Nir

摘要:

浓度极化(CP)是膜分离过程中溶质运移模型的关键。在混合电解质溶液中,离子CP不仅受到扩散和平流的影响,而且还受到电迁移的影响。然而,经典的薄膜模型,缺乏电迁移项,经常用于离子CP建模。通常,离子CP被完全忽略以减少计算负荷。在这里,我们研究了CP的微量离子在一个占主导地位的盐溶液中,许多反渗透和纳滤过程相关的情况下。首先,我们重温溶液扩散电迁移膜理论,以获得一个分析解决方案的CP和膜运输的微量离子在一个占主导地位的盐溶液。其次,我们考虑限制条件相关的反渗透和纳滤,从中我们得到两个紧凑的方程,出现作为一个无缝的扩展到经典的膜理论。这些方程可以用来考虑CP上的电迁移的影响,以最小的努力。第三,我们用我们的理论来量化的影响,在不同的主导盐溶液中的离子CP的电迁移。最后,通过分析两个环境膜过程,我们展示了我们的理论如何偏离传统的,并量化的影响膜的结垢电位和离子污染物的运输。

英文摘要:

Accounting for concentration-polarization (CP) is critical for modeling solute transport in membrane separation processes. In a mixed-electrolyte solution, ions CP is affected not only by diffusion and advection but also by electromigration. Yet, the classic film model, lacking an electromigration term, is frequently used for modeling ion CP. Often, ion CP is altogether neglected to reduce the computational load. Here, we study the CP of trace ions in a dominant salt solution, a case relevant for many reverse-osmosis and nanofiltration processes. First, we revisit the solution-diffusion-electromigration-film theory to obtain an analytical solution for the CP and membrane-transport of trace-ions in a dominant salt solution. Secondly, we consider limiting conditions relevant to reverse-osmosis and nanofiltration, from which we derive two compact equations that emerge as a seamless extension to the classic film theory. These equations can be used to account for the effect of electromigration on CP with minimal effort. Thirdly, we use our theory to quantify the effect of electromigration on ion CP in different dominant salt solutions. Finally, by analyzing two environmental membrane processes, we demonstrate how our theory deviates from the conventional one and quantify the implications on membrane scaling potential and the transport of ionic contaminants.

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