利用硅藻生物二氧化硅上的连续金属膜作为支架和钨源的具有高度有序晶格几何形状的等离子体晶体
Plasmonic crystals with highly ordered lattice geometries using continuous metal films on diatom bio-silica as both scaffolds and sources of tuneability
摘要：
硅藻是在地球所有水道中发现的微小藻类。它们产生硅藻壳，多孔的二氧化硅外骨骼，通过从水中沉淀草酸而生长。来自某些硅藻物种的被称为环带的硅藻壳组分也具有高度周期性的孔阵列，其具有与制造的光子晶体相同的规模和有序质量的性质。在这里，两个硅藻物种的环带与各种晶格常数被用作生物二氧化硅支架等离子体晶体，结合金属选择的介电常数和光子晶体属性之间的光谱协议。硅藻壳作为等离子体应用的支架的使用已经在早期进行了测试，因为纳米多孔特征可以增强散射和局部热点，这对传感应用或SERS有用。然而，腰带和连续金属膜的使用都是提供以前看不见的等离子体效应的新方法。从反射傅立叶光谱的角度分辨分散体提供的圆筛藻granii腰带，形成良好有序的正方形晶格，和圆筛藻wailesii，形成有序的六边形晶格，覆盖有40 nm的银膜或40 nm的金，分别。这些都证实了光学建模的3D系统，包括金属表面层和内部硅藻壳结构，允许计算的分散和电场。通过聚焦离子束显微镜产生的结构的测量结果进行了进一步比较，证明了作为光子晶体支架和作为替代传统的等离子体晶体制造的腰带的优点。结果表明，高品质的等离子体晶体支架从硅藻是在自然界中可用的，它们的自然多样性可以应用在一个可控的方式，以获得等离子体晶体与广泛的行为和光谱响应。
英文摘要：
Diatoms are microscopic algae found in all of Earths water courses. They produce frustules, porous silica exoskeletons, grown by precipitation of silicic acid from water. Frustule components, known as girdles, from some diatom species also feature highly periodic pore arrays with properties on the same scale and quality of ordering as manufactured photonic crystals. Here, the girdles of two diatom species with various lattice constants are used as bio-silica scaffolds for plasmonic crystals, combined with metals chosen for spectral agreement between permittivity and photonic crystal properties. The use of frustules as scaffolds for plasmonic application has been tested earlier, as nano-porous features can enhance scattering and local hotspots, useful for sensing application or SERS. However, both the use of girdles and of continuous metal films are new approaches offering previously unseen plasmonic effects. Angularly resolved dispersions from reflection Fourier spectroscopy are provided for Coscinodiscus granii girdles, forming well-ordered square lattices, and Coscinodiscus wailesii, forming ordered hexagonal lattices, covered with a 40 nm film of silver or with 40 nm of gold, respectively. These were confirmed with optical modelling of the 3D systems, including both metal surface layers and internal frustule structures, allowing for the calculation of dispersions and electric fields. Measurements are further compared with structures produced via Focused Ion Beam microscopy, demonstrating the advantages of girdles as photonic crystal scaffolds and as an alternative to conventional plasmonic crystal fabrication. The results demonstrate that high-quality plasmonic crystal scaffolds from diatoms are available in nature, and their natural diversity can be applied in a controlled way to obtain plasmonic crystals with a wide range of behaviours and spectral responses.
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