晶体学点群中相变和缠结序的分类
Classification of phase transitions and intertwined orders in crystallographic point groups
摘要：
对称性为理解相变的本质提供了重要的见解。在晶体对称性存在的情况下，相变中的新现象可以出现，例如缠结有序和涌现对称性。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个群论诊断这些现象在32晶体学点群。对于每一组，我们分类的交织顺序的可能组合，并分析不同的破坏阶段。我们发现，相变前后的对称性唯一地决定了序参量的不可约表示（irrep）和Ginzburg-Landau自由能的允许形式，由此可以推断出相变的性质，包括相变的序、中间相和涌现对称性的存在.我们的发现将有助于对称破缺引起的序参量的实验诊断。
英文摘要：
Symmetry provides important insight in understanding the nature of phase transitions. In the presence of crystalline symmetries, new phenomena in phase transition can emerge, such as intertwined orders and emergent symmetries. In this work, we present a group-theoretical diagnosis of these phenomena in 32 crystallographic point groups. For each group, we classify the possible combinations of intertwined order and analyze different symmetry-broken phases. We find that the symmetries before and after the phase transition uniquely determine the irreducible representation (irrep) of the order parameter and the allowed form of Ginzburg-Landau free energy, from which the nature of phase transition can be inferred, including the order of phase transition and the existence of intermediate phases and emergent symmetries. Our finding will be helpful for the experimental diagnosis of order parameters from symmetry breaking.
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