基于PID的主动控制策略用于电声共振器设计可调单自由度声吸收器
PID-like active control strategy for electroacoustic resonators to design tunable single-degree-of-freedom sound absorbers
AI总结：
本文提出基于PID的主动控制策略，用于设计可调单自由度声吸收器，通过调节扬声器参数实现低频高效声吸收。
摘要：
低频范围内的声吸收仍然在科学研究和工程实践中面临挑战。天然多孔材料在此频率范围内效果不佳，且声学共振器具有过窄的吸收带宽，因此需要基于主动吸收技术的替代解决方案。在本研究中，我们提出了一种应用于封闭箱式扬声器的主动控制框架，以实现扬声器振膜处的声阻抗调节。更具体地说，基于低频下箱体内部压力与扬声器振膜轴向位移之间的比例关系，我们通过分析和实验表明，PID-like反馈控制方法能够独立调节封闭箱式扬声器的合规性、电阻和移动质量，以实现指定单自由度共振器的阻抗。通过考虑不同的控制组合以定制共振器特性，可以在目标共振频率上实现完美吸收（吸收系数等于1），同时扩大有效吸收带宽。此外，所提出的反馈控制策略显示出卓越的控制精度，尤其是在与文献中报告的基于前馈的控制方法相比时。实验原型与模型之间的性能差异，可能由于控制时间延迟和扬声器参数估计的不准确性，可以通过在控制平台中调节控制参数来补偿。通过报告的控制方案实现的主动共振器可用于构建更复杂的声学设备/结构，以实现高效宽带声吸收或其他类型的声学现象，如波前塑形。
英文摘要：
Sound absorption at low frequencies still remains a challenge in both scientific research and engineering practice. Natural porous materials are ineffective in this frequency range, as well as acoustic resonators which present too narrow bandwidth of absorption, thus requiring alternative solutions based on active absorption techniques. In the present work, we propose an active control framework applied on a closed-box loudspeaker to enable the adjustment of the acoustic impedance at the loudspeaker diaphragm. More specifically, based on the proportionality between the pressure inside the enclosure and the axial displacement of the loudspeaker diaphragm at low frequencies, we demonstrate both analytically and experimentally that a PID-like feedback control approach allows tuning independently the compliance, the resistance and the moving mass of the closed-box loudspeaker to implement a prescribed impedance of a single-degree-of-freedom resonator. By considering different control combinations to tailor the resonator characteristics, a perfect absorption (with absorption coefficient equal to 1) is achievable at the target resonance frequency, while enlarging the effective absorption bandwidth. Moreover, the proposed feedback control strategy shows an excellent control accuracy, especially compared to the feedforward-based control formerly reported in the literature. The mismatches between the performance of experimental prototype and the model, likely to result from the control time delay and the inaccuracy in estimating the loudspeaker parameters, can be compensated directly by tuning the control parameters in the control platform. The active resonators implemented through the reported control scheme can be used to build more complex acoustic devices/structures to enable high-efficiency broadband sound absorption or other types of acoustic phenomena such as wavefront shaping.
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