在UV黎明风暴和注入期间由XMM-牛顿、哈勃和Hisaki观测到的木星X射线极光
Jupiter's X-ray aurora during UV dawn storms and injections as observed by XMM-Newton, Hubble, and Hisaki
摘要：
我们介绍了2019年9月由XMM-牛顿，哈勃太空望远镜（HST）和Hisaki卫星同时进行的木星北极光多波长观测的结果。HST图像在观测期间多次捕捉到远紫外极光中的黎明风暴和注入事件。由内部驱动器引起的发生在中间磁层的磁重联被认为是开始产生这些特征的原因。磁力线随后发生形变，从重联点注入热的磁层等离子体进入内磁层。久木在黎明风暴和注入事件的最后出现期间观察到黎明侧木卫一等离子体环（IPT）中的脉冲增亮，这证明大规模等离子体注入穿透了6-9 RJ（木星半径）之间的中心IPT。极紫外极光变亮，XMM-牛顿探测到硬X射线极光计数率增加，表明电子沉淀增加。黎明的风暴和注入并没有改变软X射线极光的亮度，也没有“打开”它通常观察到的准周期性脉动。对X射线极光的光谱分析表明，造成软X射线极光的沉淀离子是离子成因的，并且需要幂律连续体来拟合光谱的硬X射线部分。与黎明风暴和注入相一致的光谱需要两个幂律连续体才能得到良好的拟合。
英文摘要：
We present results from a multiwavelength observation of Jupiter's northern aurorae, carried out simultaneously by XMM-Newton, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and the Hisaki satellite in September 2019. HST images captured dawn storms and injection events in the far ultraviolet aurora several times during the observation period. Magnetic reconnection occurring in the middle magnetosphere caused by internal drivers is thought to start the production of those features. The field lines then dipolarize which injects hot magnetospheric plasma from the reconnection site to enter the inner magnetosphere. Hisaki observed an impulsive brightening in the dawnside Io plasma torus (IPT) during the final appearance of the dawn storms and injection events which is evidence that a large-scale plasma injection penetrated the central IPT between 6-9 RJ (Jupiter radii). The extreme ultraviolet aurora brightened and XMM-Newton detected an increase in the hard X-ray aurora count rate, suggesting an increase in electron precipitation. The dawn storms and injections did not change the brightness of the soft X-ray aurora and they did not "switch-on" its commonly observed quasi-periodic pulsations. Spectral analysis of the X-ray aurora suggests that the precipitating ions responsible for the soft X-ray aurora were iogenic and that a powerlaw continuum was needed to fit the hard X-ray part of the spectra. The spectra coincident with the dawn storms and injections required two powerlaw continua to get good fits.
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