学术讨论会：condensed matter系统中的量子热传输
Colloquium: Quantum heat transport in condensed matter systems
摘要：
本文综述了近年来量子热输运研究的新进展。这个课题已经在理论上研究了几十年，但只有在过去的二十年中，各种介观系统的实验才变得可行。首先提供描述一维通道中的热传输的理论基础的总结。然后介绍了量子化热传导的主要实验研究，包括声子、光子、电子和任意子。这些实验对于理解单通道热传导量子概念的基本过程非常重要。然后举例说明如何通过电场和磁场来控制量子热输运，以及这种可调热流如何在器件中发挥作用。这为实现量子热阀、整流器、热机、制冷机、热量计等各种热器件部件奠定了基础。还感兴趣的是量子热流的波动，无论是根本原因和优化最敏感的热探测器;在审查结束时，这个有趣的话题的研究现状。
英文摘要：
In this Colloquium recent advances in the field of quantum heat transport are reviewed. This topic has been investigated theoretically for several decades, but only during the past twenty years have experiments on various mesoscopic systems become feasible. A summary of the theoretical basis for describing heat transport in one-dimensional channels is first provided. Then the main experimental investigations of quantized heat conductance due to phonons, photons, electrons, and anyons in such channels are presented. These experiments are important for understanding the fundamental processes that underly the concept of a heat conductance quantum for a single channel. Then an illustration on how one can control the quantum heat transport by means of electric and magnetic fields, and how such tunable heat currents can be useful in devices is given. This lays the basis for realizing various thermal device components such as quantum heat valves, rectifiers, heat engines, refrigerators, and calorimeters. Also of interest are fluctuations of quantum heat currents, both for fundamental reasons and for optimizing the most sensitive thermal detectors; at the end of the review the status of research on this intriguing topic is given.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
